Amatara yo mu mutwe yemewe na CE: Ubuyobozi bw'iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko ku batumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga (Ivugururwa rya 2025)

Abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bagomba kugenzura ko amatara y’imbere y’umutungo yujuje ibisabwa mu byemezo bya CE mbere yo kwinjira ku isoko ry’i Burayi mu 2025. Ibikorwa byihuse birimo kugenzura ibyemezo byo guhuza ibicuruzwa no gutegura inyandiko zijyanye n’ibicuruzwa byinjijwe mu mahanga neza. Ingaruka zikunze kugaragara mu kubahiriza amategeko zikunze guterwa no kutubahiriza amabwiriza yihariye y’igihugu, kwishingikiriza ku batanga ibicuruzwa batizewe, no kutagira uburenganzira bukwiye bwo kwemererwa ibicuruzwa muri gasutamo. Abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bahura kandi n’imbogamizi nko gutinda koherezwa, igihombo cy’amafaranga, no kwangwa kw’ibicuruzwa muri gasutamo. Kwita ku kubahiriza amategeko ya CE bigabanya ingaruka zo kuryozwa ibintu mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko kandi bikanoza kunyurwa kw’abakiriya.

• Ingaruka zikomeye abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bahura nazo:
  • Impamyabumenyi zo guhuza zibura
  • Imenyekanisha rya gasutamo ritari ryo
  • Abatanga ibicuruzwa badashobora kwizerwa
  • Ibiranga ibicuruzwa bitemewe n'amategeko
  • Amategeko ya garanti adasobanutse neza

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Abatumiza mu mahanga bagomba kugenzura ko amatara yo mu mutwe afiteicyemezo cyemewe cya CEn'inyandiko zose zisabwa mbere yo kwinjira ku isoko ry'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi kugira ngo hirindwe ibibazo by'amategeko n'itinda ryo kohereza ibicuruzwa.
• Intambwe z'ingenzi zo kubahiriza amategekoharimo kwemeza igeragezwa ry'ibicuruzwa, dosiye za tekiniki, Itangazo ry'Ubuziranenge, hamwe n'ikimenyetso cya CE na E-mark cyanditse ku matara y'imbere.
• Gukurikiza amabwiriza y’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi nka Low Voltage, EMC, RoHS, n’amahame agenga umutekano w’ibinyabutabire bikoresha ikoranabuhanga bireba ko amatara y’imbere yujuje ibisabwa mu mutekano, ibidukikije, n’imikorere.
• Gukomeza gukora neza inyandiko zitumizwa mu mahanga no gukora igenzura mbere yo kohereza ibicuruzwa bifasha mu gukumira ibibazo bya gasutamo no kurinda izina ry'ubucuruzi.
• Gukorana bya hafi n'abatanga serivisi bizewe n'abagenzuzi b'isosiyete ya gatatu bishimangira kubahiriza amategeko kandi bigashyigikira uburyo bworoshye bwo kugera ku isoko muri 2025.

Gukurikiza amabwiriza agenga amatara yo mu mutwe wa CE: Ibyemezo by'ibanze

Icyemezo cya CE ni iki?

icyemezo cya CEikora nk'itangazo ry'uko ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa by'ingenzi mu mutekano, ubuzima, n'ibidukikije byashyizweho n'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi. Ku matara yo ku rukuta, iyi gahunda ikubiyemo intambwe nyinshi z'ingenzi kugira ngo habeho kubahiriza amategeko.

1. Garagaza amabwiriza y’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi ajyanye na yo, nka Directive Low Voltage (2014/35/EU), Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive (2014/30/EU), n’amabwiriza agenga ibintu bishobora guteza akaga (2011/65/EU).
2. Menya amahame y’Uburayi ahujwe (hENs) akoreshwa ku itara ry’imbere.
3. Gukora isuzuma ry’uko ibicuruzwa bihuye n’uko bihagaze, harimo no gupima no kugenzura ibicuruzwa.
4. Kora dosiye ya tekiniki irimo inyandiko z'igishushanyo mbonera, iy'inganda, n'iy'ibizamini.
5. Shyiraho Urwego rubimenyesha niba bikenewe n'ishyirwa mu byiciro ry'ibicuruzwa.
6. Gutegura no gutangaza Itangazo ry’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi ry’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi.
7. Shyira ikimenyetso cya CE ku itara ry'imbere mu mutwe ku buryo bugaragara.
   Izi ntambwe zemeza ko itara ry’imbere ryujuje ibisabwa byose by’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi kandi ko rishobora kwinjira ku isoko ry’i Burayi mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko.

Impamvu amatara yo mu mutwe akenera ikimenyetso cya CE

Amatara yo mu mutwe agengwa n'amabwiriza menshi y'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi asaba ko habaho ikimenyetso cya CE. Ikimenyetso cya CE kirabwira abayobozi n'abaguzi ko ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa mu mutekano, ubuzima, no kurengera ibidukikije. Abakora bagomba kugaragaza ko bujuje ibisabwa bakusanya inyandiko za tekiniki kandi bagakora ibizamini bikenewe. Abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga n'abakwirakwiza ibicuruzwa bafite inshingano zo kugenzura ko amatara yo mu mutwe ya CE yujuje ibisabwa. Ikimenyetso cya CE si itegeko gusa, ahubwo ni n'ikimenyetso cy'ubwiza n'icyizere cy'ibicuruzwa.

Icyitonderwa: Ku bijyanye n'amatara y'ibinyabiziga, ikimenyetso cya E nacyo ni itegeko. Iki kimenyetso kigaragaza ko kigomba kubahiriza amahame yihariye y'umutekano w'ibinyabiziga n'imikorere yabyo hakurikijwe amabwiriza ya ECE, ibyo bikaba ari ingenzi mu kugurisha no gukoresha mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko imihanda y'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi.

Ingaruka z'amategeko zo kutubahiriza amategeko

Gutumiza amatara yo mu mutwe mu mahanga nta burenganzira bukwiyeGukurikiza amabwiriza agenga amatara yo mu mutwe wa CEbishobora gutera ingaruka zikomeye mu mategeko.

• Inzego zishobora kubuza ibicuruzwa kwinjira ku isoko ry’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi.
• Abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bashobora gucibwa amande no gusubizwa ibicuruzwa ku ngufu.
• Kutubahiriza amategeko bishobora kwangiza izina ry'abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga ndetse n'ababikora.
• Inzego zishinzwe kugenzura zishobora gushyira mu bikorwa ibihano, bigatuma itumizwa ry’amatara y’imbere mu gihugu atujuje ibisabwa rinyuranyije n’amategeko.
  Abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bagomba gutanga inyandiko za tekiniki n'Itangazo ry'Uburyo Bwo Gukurikiza Amategeko. Kutubahiriza aya mategeko bishobora gutuma habaho ibikorwa byo gushyira mu bikorwa ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'amategeko ndetse n'ingaruka zikomeye ku bucuruzi.

Kumenya amabwiriza akurikizwa ku kubahiriza amatara yo mu mutwe ya CE

Abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bagomba kumenya no gusobanukirwa amabwiriza y’ingenzi y’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi akurikizwa ku matara y’imbere y’umuryango mbere yo gushyira ibicuruzwa ku isoko ry’i Burayi. Aya mabwiriza ni yo shingiro ry’uko amatara y’imbere y’umuryango akurikizwa kandi akareba ko ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa mu mutekano, amashanyarazi n’ibidukikije. Amabwiriza y’ingenzi ku matara y’imbere y’umuryango arimo:

• Amabwiriza y'Umuvuduko Muke (LVD) 2014/35/EU
• Amabwiriza yo Guhuza Electromagnetic (EMC) 2014/30/EU
• Amabwiriza yo Kubuza Ibintu Bishobora Guteza Akaga (RoHS) 2011/65/EU

Amabwiriza y'amashanyarazi make (LVD)

Amabwiriza y’amashanyarazi afite ingufu nke (2014/35/EU) areba ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi bikora bifite ingufu ziri hagati ya 50 na 1000 V mu guhinduranya ingufu z’amashanyarazi no hagati ya 75 na 1500 V mu gukoresha ingufu z’amashanyarazi zitaziguye. Amatara menshi y’amashanyarazi, cyane cyane akoresha bateri zishobora kongera gukoreshwa cyangwa amasoko y’amashanyarazi yo hanze, ari muri urwo rwego. LVD yemeza ko ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi bidateza akaga ku bakoresha cyangwa ku mitungo. Abakora bagomba gushushanya amatara y’amashanyarazi kugira ngo birinde impanuka z’amashanyarazi, inkongi z’umuriro, n’izindi ngaruka mu gihe cyo kuyakoresha bisanzwe no kuyakoresha nabi mu gihe giteganyijwe. Kubahiriza LVD bisaba gusuzuma neza ingaruka, kubahiriza amahame ahuye, n’amabwiriza asobanutse y’abakoresha. Abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bagomba kugenzura ko amatara yose y’amashanyarazi yapimwe neza kandi ko inyandiko za tekiniki zigaragaza ko akurikije amabwiriza.

Guhuza amashanyarazi n'amashanyarazi (EMC)

Amabwiriza agenga imikorere y’amashanyarazi (Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive) (2014/30/EU) ashyiraho ibisabwa ku bikoresho by’amashanyarazi n’iby’ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo bigabanye imyuka ihumanya ikirere no kwemeza ko nta mvururu ziturutse inyuma zihari. Amatara yo mu mutwe, cyane cyane afite amatara ya LED cyangwa ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga, ntagomba kubangamira ibindi bikoresho kandi agomba gukora neza iyo hari urusaku rw’amashanyarazi. Isuzuma rya EMC ni igice cy’ingenzi mu nzira yo kwemeza ibikoresho by’amatara y’imodoka. Isuzuma rikubiyemo ibice bibiri by’ingenzi: electromagnetic interference (EMI), ipima imyuka ihumanya ikirere, na electromagnetic susceptibility (EMS), isuzuma ubudahangarwa ku mvururu nko gusohora amashanyarazi n’izamuka ry’amashanyarazi. Inzego zitanga icyemezo, harimo n’Ikigo gishinzwe kwemeza ibinyabiziga (VCA), zisaba amatara yo mu mutwe gutsinda ibi bizamini mbere yo gutanga icyemezo. Ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa na EMC ni byo byonyine bishobora kugaragaza ikimenyetso cya CE, kandi inzego zishinzwe kugenzura isoko zishyira mu bikorwa aya mategeko.

Inama: Abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bagomba gusaba raporo z'ibizamini bya EMC no kwemeza ko dosiye za tekiniki zirimo ibyavuye mu isuzuma rya EMI na EMS. Izi nyandiko zishyigikira inzira ikomeye yo kubahiriza amatara ya CE kandi zikagabanya ibyago byo gutinda kwa gasutamo.

Kugabanya ibintu biteje akaga (RoHS)

Amabwiriza ya RoHS (2011/65/EU) abuza ikoreshwa ry’ibintu biteza akaga mu bikoresho by’amashanyarazi n’iby’ikoranabuhanga, harimo n’amatara yo mu mutwe. Aya mabwiriza agamije kurengera ubuzima bw’abantu n’ibidukikije mu kugabanya uburozi mu bicuruzwa bikoreshwa n’abantu. Amatara yo mu mutwe ntagomba kurenza urugero rukurikira rw’ibipimo ntarengwa ukurikije uburemere bw’ibikoresho bihuye:

1. Ingano (Pb): 0.1%
2. Mercure (Hg): 0.1%
3. Kadiyumu (Cd): 0.01%
4. Hexavalent Chromium (CrVI): 0.1%
5. Biphenyl za Polybrominated (PBB): 0.1%
6. Eteri za Diphenyl zigizwe na Polybrominated (PBDE): 0.1%
7. Bis(2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP): 0.1%
8. Benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP): 0.1%
9. Dibutyl phthalate (DBP): 0.1%
10. Diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP): 0.1%

Izi ngamba zireba ibice byose, harimo sensors, switches, coating metal, na plastic covers. Abakora bagomba gutanga ibimenyetso byerekana ko byubahirije amategeko, akenshi binyuze mu gutangaza ibikoresho na raporo z'ibizamini bya laboratwari. Abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bagomba kwemeza ko abatanga ibicuruzwa bashyize mu bikorwa igenzura rya RoHS mu ruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa kugira ngo birinde kutubahiriza amategeko no gusubizwa ibicuruzwa.

Icyitonderwa: Kuyubahiriza RoHS si inshingano zemewe n'amategeko gusa, ahubwo ni n'ingenzi mu kubaka icyizere hagati y'abaguzi bazirikana ibidukikije.

EN 62471: Umutekano mu bijyanye n'amafoto

EN 62471:2008 ishyiraho igipimo cy’umutekano w’ibikomoka ku matara, harimo n’amatara yo mu mutwe. Iri hame ry’i Burayi risuzuma ingaruka z’urumuri ku maso n’uruhu rw’abantu. Abakora bagomba gusuzuma ibicuruzwa byabo kugira ngo barebe ingaruka zishobora kubaho nko ku mirasire ya ultraviolet (UV), urumuri rw’ubururu, n’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Izi ngaruka zishobora gutera kubabara amaso, kubabara uruhu, cyangwa ndetse no kwangirika igihe kirekire mu gihe bidacunzwe neza.

Gupima hakurikijwe EN 62471 bikubiyemo gupima umusaruro w'amatara yo mu mutwe. Laboratwari zikoresha ibikoresho byihariye kugira ngo zimenye niba ibicuruzwa biri mu mupaka wo kwangirika mu buryo bwizewe. Ihame rigabanya ibyago mu byiciro bine:

• Itsinda ridafite ingaruka ku bidukikije: Nta ngaruka ku bidukikije
• Itsinda rya 1 ry'ibyago: Ingaruka nke
• Itsinda rya 2 ry'ibyago: Ingaruka ziringaniye
• Itsinda rya 3 ry'ibyago: Ingaruka nyinshi

Abakora bagomba kwandika mu idosiye ya tekiniki igenamigambi ry’itsinda ry’ibyago. Abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bagomba gusaba raporo z’ibizamini zemeza ko byubahirije EN 62471. Izi raporo zitanga ibimenyetso byerekana ko itara ry’imbere ritarengeje urugero rw’umutekano ku bakoresha.

Icyitonderwa: Gukurikiza amabwiriza ya EN 62471 ni ngombwa kugira ngo amatara yo ku mutwe ashyirwe mu bikorwa. Abayobozi bashobora gusaba inyandiko z'umutekano w'amafoto mu gihe cyo kugenzura gasutamo.

Itara ryo mu mutwe ryujuje ibisabwa na EN 62471 rigaragaza ko ryiyemeje kubungabunga umutekano w'abakoresha. Abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bagenzura ibi bagabanya ibyago byo gusubizwa ibicuruzwa byabo mu rugo kandi bakarushaho kumenyekana ku isoko.

ECE R112 na R148: Amahame ngenderwaho y'amatara yo mu muhanda n'ay'imodoka

ECE R112 na ECE R148 bishyiraho ibisabwa mu rwego rwa tekiniki ku matara yo mu muhanda yemewe n’amategeko mu Burayi. Aya mabwiriza ya Komisiyo y’Ubukungu y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye Ishinzwe Uburayi (UNECE) areba sisitemu z’amatara y’imodoka, harimo n’amatara y’imbere akoreshwa ku modoka.

ECE R112 itwikira amatara yo mu mutwe afite imiterere idahuye, ikunze kuboneka mu matara magufi. ECE R148 ireba ibikoresho bitanga ibimenyetso n'urumuri, nk'amatara yo ku manywa n'amatara yo mu mwanya. Amabwiriza yombi agaragaza ibisabwa kuri ibi bikurikira:

• Ikwirakwira ry'urumuri n'ubukana bwarwo
• Igishushanyo cy'umurimbo n'igice cyo gukata
• Ubushyuhe bw'ibara
• Kuramba no kudatitira

Abakora bagomba gutanga amatara yo mu mutwe kugira ngo yemezwe muri laboratwari zemewe. Ikizamini cyemeza ko ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa byose mu mikorere no mu mutekano. Iyo byemejwe, itara ryo mu mutwe rihabwa ikimenyetso cya E, kigomba kugaragara ku bicuruzwa hamwe n'ikimenyetso cya CE.

Abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bagomba kwemeza ko buri tara rigenewe gukoreshwa mu muhanda rifite ikimenyetso cya CE n'icya E. Iki cyemezo gitanga icyemezo cy'ububiri gihamya ko amategeko yubahirizwa kandi ko gasutamo igenzurwa neza.

Inama: Buri gihe genzuraicyemezo cyo kwemeza ubwokona nomero ya E-mark mbere yo kwinjiza amatara y'imodoka. Izi nyandiko zigaragaza ko ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa mu by'umutekano wo mu muhanda mu Burayi.

Iyubahirizwa rya ECE R112 na R148 ni igice cy'ingenzi cy'iyubahirizwa ry'amatara ya CE ku bicuruzwa by'imodoka. Abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bakurikiza aya mahame birinda ibibazo by'amategeko kandi banizeza ko ibicuruzwa byabo bitagira ingaruka mbi ku mihanda rusange.

Ibisabwa ku nyandiko za tekiniki kugira ngo amatara yo mu mutwe akurikize amategeko ya CE

Inyandiko z'ingenzi zo kubahiriza iyubahirizwa ry'amatara yo mu mutwe

Abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bagomba gukusanya urutonde rwuzuye rwainyandiko za tekinikimbere yo gushyira amatara ku isoko ry'i Burayi. Izi nyandiko zigaragaza ko ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa byose n'amategeko n'umutekano. Abayobozi bashobora gusaba aya makuru mu gihe cyo kugenzura ibicuruzwa bya gasutamo cyangwa kugenzura isoko. Dosiye ya tekiniki igomba kuba ikubiyemo:

• Ibisobanuro by'igicuruzwa n'ikoreshwa ryacyo
• Ibishushanyo mbonera n'inganda
• Inyandiko y'ibikoresho n'urutonde rw'ibice
• Raporo z'ibizamini n'impamyabumenyi
• Isuzuma ry'ibyago n'amakuru y'umutekano
• Amabwiriza y'abakoresha n'amabwiriza yo gushyiraho
• Itangazo ryo Gukurikiza Amategeko

Inama: Komeza ushyire inyandiko zose mu buryo buteguye kandi uzibone mu gihe cy'imyaka 10 nyuma y'uko ibicuruzwa bya nyuma bishyizwe ku isoko.

Raporo z'ibizamini n'ibyemezo (ISO 3001: 2017, ANSI/PLATO FL 1-2019)

Raporo n'ibyemezo by'ibizamini ni byo shingiro ry'idosiye ya tekiniki. Laboratwari zipima amatara y'imbere hakurikijwe amahame mpuzamahanga n'ay'akarere. ISO 3001:2017 ikubiyemo imikorere n'umutekano w'amatara akoreshwa mu ntoki, harimo imbaraga z'imirasire n'ubuzima bwa bateri. ANSI/PLATO FL 1-2019 itanga ibipimo by'inyongera ku mucyo, kudakora neza kw'impanuka, no kudakoresha amazi. Izi raporo zigaragaza ko amatara y'imbere ...

Isuzuma ry'ibyago n'amakuru y'umutekano

Isuzuma ryimbitse ry’ibyago rigaragaza ibyago bishobora guterwa no gukoresha amatara yo mu mutwe. Abakora basesengura ibyago nko gushoka kw'amashanyarazi, gushyuha cyane, n'ingaruka za fotobiyoloji. Bandika ingamba zo kwirinda n'ibintu bifatika mu idosiye ya tekiniki. Impapuro z'amakuru y'umutekano zishobora no gukenerwa kuri bateri cyangwa ibice by'ikoranabuhanga. Abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bagomba gusuzuma izi nyandiko kugira ngo bemeze ko ibyago byose byakemutse. Iyi ntambwe ishyigikira kubahiriza amatara yo mu mutwe ya CE kandi igaragaza ko umukoresha agomba kubahiriza umutekano we.

Abayobozi bashobora gusaba isuzuma ry'ingaruka mu gihe cy'igenzura cyangwa igenzura. Buri gihe komeza umenye neza izi nyandiko.

Itangazo ry'Iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko agenga itara rya CE

Uburyo bwo gutegura Itangazo

Abakora ibicuruzwa cyangwa abahagarariye ibicuruzwa byabo bagomba gutegura Itangazo ry’Ubuziranenge (DoC) mbere yo gushyira amatara ku isoko ry’i Burayi. Iyi nyandiko yemeza ko ibicuruzwa byujuje amabwiriza yose y’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi n’amahame ahujwe. Gutegura bitangirana no gusuzuma neza inyandiko za tekiniki. Ushinzwe inshingano agomba kugenzura ko raporo zose z’ibizamini, isuzuma ry’ibyago, n’ibyemezo byuzuye kandi byuzuye. Bagomba kwerekana amabwiriza n’amahame byihariye akoreshwa mu gihe cyo gusuzuma ubuziranenge. DoC igomba kuba isobanutse, isobanutse, kandi yanditswe mu rurimi rwemewe rw’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi. Abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bagomba gusaba kopi ya DoC ku batanga ibicuruzwa byabo no kugenzura ibikubiye muri yo mbere yo gukomeza gutanga uburenganzira kuri gasutamo.

Inama: Komeza kubona dosiye ya DoC byoroshye. Abayobozi bashobora kuyisaba mu gihe cy'igenzura cyangwa igenzura.

Amakuru n'imiterere bikenewe

Itangazo ry’Iyubahirizwa ry’Amategeko rigomba kuba rikubiyemo ibintu byinshi by’ingenzi. Imbonerahamwe ikurikira igaragaza amakuru akenewe:

Imiterere igomba gukurikiza urutonde rw'amategeko kandi igakomeza kuba yoroshye gusoma. DoC igomba kuba yashyizweho umukono kandi ifite itariki. Imikono yo kuri interineti yemerwa niba yujuje ibisabwa n'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi.

Ni nde ugomba gusinya itangazo

Inshingano zo gusinya Itangazo ryo Gukurikiza Amategeko ni iz'uruganda cyangwa umuhagarariye wemewe. Mu gusinya, uru ruhande rwemera inshingano zose zemewe n'amategeko ku bijyanye no kubahiriza amategeko y'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi. Abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bagomba kwemeza ko buri kohereza amatara y'imbere y'umurwayi harimo DoC yemewe kandi bagomba kubika kopi yayo nibura imyaka 10. Ariko, utumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga ntasinya DoC. Iri tegeko rireba ibicuruzwa byose byinjiye mu mahanga, nta kindi kirenzeho. Gukurikiza neza iyi gahunda bishyigikiraGukurikiza amabwiriza agenga amatara yo mu mutwe wa CEkandi irinda impande zose ibyago biteganywa n'amategeko.

• Uruganda cyangwa umuhagarariye wemewe asinya DoC.
• Utumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga yemeza ko DoC ijyana n'ibicuruzwa kandi ikabika kopi yabyo.
• Uwatumije ibicuruzwa mu mahanga ntabwo asinya DoC.

Icyitonderwa: Kudakurikiza aya mabwiriza bishobora gutera gutinda kwa gasutamo cyangwa ibikorwa byo kubahiriza amategeko.

Gushyiraho ikimenyetso cya CE ku matara yo mu mutwe

Ibisabwa mu gushyiramo no gupima ingano

Abakora bagomba gushyiraIkimenyetso cya CEKu buryo bugaragara, busomeka neza, kandi butazibagirana ku itara ry’imbere cyangwa ku gipapuro cy’amakuru cyaryo. Ikimenyetso kigomba kugaragara ku gicuruzwa ubwacyo igihe cyose bishoboka. Niba imiterere cyangwa ingano y’itara ry’imbere ibuza ibi, ikimenyetso cya CE gishobora kujya ku gipfunyika cyangwa ku nyandiko ziherekeza. Uburebure buke bw’ikimenyetso cya CE ni mm 5. Ubu bunini bwemeza ko abakozi ba gasutamo n’inzego zishinzwe kugenzura isoko bashobora kumenya byoroshye ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa.

Ikimenyetso cya CE ntikigomba guhindurwa cyangwa ngo gihindurwe. Ingano n'intera bigomba guhuza n'igishushanyo cyemewe. Abakora bashobora gukuramo ibishushanyo bya CE bikwiye ku rubuga rwa interineti rwa Komisiyo y'Uburayi. Ikimenyetso kigomba kuba gitandukanye n'inyuma kugira ngo kigaragare neza. Hari amasosiyete akoresha ibishushanyo bya laser cyangwa icapiro riramba kugira ngo ikimenyetso gikomeze gusomwa mu buzima bwose bw'igicuruzwa.

Inama: Buri gihe banza urebe neza ko ikirango cya CE gihari kandi ko cyujuje ibisabwa byose mbere yo kohereza.

Amakosa Asanzwe Yo Kwirinda

Abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga n'abakora ibicuruzwa benshi bakora amakosa iyo bashyizeho ikimenyetso cya CE. Ayo makosa ashobora gutinza kohereza ibicuruzwa cyangwa agatera ibikorwa byo kubahiriza amategeko. Ibibazo bikunze kugaragara birimo:

• Gukoresha ingano cyangwa inyuguti bitari byo ku kimenyetso cya CE
• Gushyira ikimenyetso ku gipfunyika gusa iyo hari umwanya ku gicuruzwa
• Gushyira ikimenyetso mbere yo kurangiza intambwe zose zo kubahiriza itara rya CE
• Kwirengagiza ikimenyetso burundu cyangwa gukoresha verisiyo itujuje ibisabwa
• Guhuza ikimenyetso cya CE n'ibindi bimenyetso mu buryo butera urujijo

Ubuyobozi bushobora gufata ibicuruzwa cyangwa gutanga amande iyo bubonye ayo makosa. Abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bagomba gusuzuma ingero no gusaba amafoto ku batanga ibicuruzwa mbere yo kohereza ibicuruzwa. Bagomba kandi kubika inyandiko zerekana ko biyujuje ibisabwa nk'igice cy'inzira yabo yo kugenzura ubuziranenge.

Icyitonderwa: Gushyira ikimenyetso cya CE mu bikorwa neza bigaragaza ubwitange mu kubahiriza amategeko n'umutekano. Binafasha kwirinda gutinda gukabije kuri gasutamo.

Ibirango bifitanye isano n'inshingano zo kubungabunga ibidukikije

Ibisabwa ku kirango cya WEEE

Ibikoresho by'amatara yo mu mutweIbicuruzwa bigurishwa mu Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi bigomba kubahiriza amabwiriza agenga ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi n’ikoranabuhanga (WEEE). Iri tegeko rishyira amatara yo mu mutwe nk’ibikoresho by’urumuri, bivuze ko bisaba ikirango cyihariye no kuyakoresha. Ikimenyetso cy’ibiziga gifite amapine kigomba kugaragara neza ku gicuruzwa. Niba igishushanyo cy’ibicuruzwa kitemeye ibi, ikimenyetso gishobora gushyirwa ku gipfunyika. Ku matara yo mu mutwe yagurishijwe nyuma ya 2005, ikimenyetso kigomba kuba gifite umurongo umwe w’umukara munsi cyangwa kikagaragaza itariki isoko ryashyizwemo. Ikimenyetso cy’umucuruzi, nk’ikirango cyangwa ikirango cy’ubucuruzi, nacyo kigomba kuba kiri aho. EN 50419 igaragaza ibi bisabwa ku bimenyetso, mu gihe EN 50625-2-1 ivuga ku buryo bukwiye bwo kubyaza umusaruro no kubikoresha. Abakora bagomba kwiyandikisha mu Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi no gushyiraho uburyo bwo kubikusanya no kubikoresha kugira ngo barebe ko byubahirizwa neza.

Icyitonderwa: Kwandika neza no kwandika WEEE bifasha mu gukumira kwangiza ibidukikije no gushyigikira kongera gukoresha ibikoresho mu buryo bunoze.

Inshingano z'amabwiriza ya ErP

Abakora n'abatumiza amatara yo mu bwoko bwa "headlamps" bagomba kuba bujuje ibisabwa n'amabwiriza agenga ibikoresho bifitanye isano n'ingufu (ErP) (EU) 2019/2020. Aya mabwiriza ashyiraho amahame ngenderwaho ku bijyanye n'ibidukikije ku bikoresho by'amatara, harimo n'amatara yo mu bwoko bwa "headlamps". Inshingano z'ingenzi zirimo:

1. Guhuza ibisabwa bivuguruye mu gushushanya ibidukikije binoza imikorere myiza y'ingufu no kugabanya ingaruka ku bidukikije.
2. Nyuma y’amabwiriza mashya yo gupima, nk’ibizamini bya stroboscopic effect hamwe n’igenzura ry’ubushobozi bwo guhindura ingufu z’umushoferi.
3. Harimo no kwandika ku gicuruzwa cyangwa mu ipaki hagaragazwa uburyo urumuri ruhinduka, ubushyuhe bw'amabara, n'inguni y'urumuri.
4. Gutanga amakuru arambuye ku gupfunyika, nk'ibipimo by'amashanyarazi, igihe cy'ubuzima, ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi, n'ingufu zihoraho.
5. Kurangiza inzira yo kwemeza ErP mbere yo gushyira ibicuruzwa ku isoko ry’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi, bikubiyemo ikoreshwa, amakuru y’ibicuruzwa, igeragezwa ry’icyitegererezo, no kwiyandikisha.
6. Kwemeza ko icyemezo cyatanzwe mbere y'itariki y'iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko kugira ngo hirindwe ibibazo bya gasutamo.

Abakora bagomba kwemeza ko amakuru yose ari ay’ukuri kandi ajyanye n’igihe kugira ngo bakomeze kubona isoko.

Kugendera ku mategeko ya REACH n'andi mategeko agenga ibidukikije

Abatumiza amatara yo mu mutwe bagomba kandi gusuzuma iyubahirizwa rya REACH (Kwiyandikisha, Gusuzuma, Kwemerera, no Kugabanya Ibinyabutabire). Iri tegeko ribuza ikoreshwa ry'imiti imwe n'imwe ihumanya mu bicuruzwa bigurishwa mu Muryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi. Abakora amatara bagomba kugenzura ko amatara yo mu mutwe adafite ibintu bibujijwe birenze urugero rwemewe. Bagomba gutanga inyandiko zigaragaza ko yubahirizwa kandi bakayivugurura uko amabwiriza ahinduka. Izindi nyandiko zigaragaza ibidukikije, nko gupima ingufu cyangwa ibirango by'ibidukikije, zishobora gukoreshwa bitewe n'ubwoko bw'ibicuruzwa n'isoko. Izi nyandiko zifasha abaguzi gufata ibyemezo bisobanutse no kugaragaza ko biteguye gukomeza kubaho.

Inama: Gukomeza kumenya amakuru ajyanye n'igiheamabwiriza agenga ibidukikijen'ibisabwa mu gushyiraho ibirango bishyigikira imikorere myiza y'ubucuruzi no kwemererwa neza kwa gasutamo.

Ibisabwa ku gihugu mu gihugu mu bijyanye no kwinjiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga no kugurisha amatara yo mu mutwe wa CE

Inyandiko z'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi zitumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga

Abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bagomba gutegura inyandiko nyinshi kugira ngo amatara y’imbere y’umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi yemejwe na CE yinjizwe mu buryo bworoshye. Inzego za gasutamo zisaba Itangazo ry’Incamake ku munsi wo gutumiza ibicuruzwa, rigaragaza ibyoherezwa n’ibicuruzwa birambuye. Inyandiko y’Ubutegetsi Bumwe (SAD) ikora nk'urupapuro rw’ibanze rwa gasutamo, ikubiyemo imisoro n’umusoro ku bihugu byose bigize Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi. Buri mutumiza ibicuruzwa agomba kugira inomero ya EORI yemewe kugira ngo atange imenyekanisha rya gasutamo kandi yorohereze inzira zo kubisohora.

Dosiye yuzuye ya tekiniki igomba guherekeza buri koherezwa. Iyi dosiye igomba kuba ikubiyemo ibisobanuro by'ibicuruzwa, imbonerahamwe y'imirongo, urutonde rw'ibice, raporo z'ibizamini, n'amabwiriza y'abakoresha.Itangazo ryo Gukurikiza Amategeko(DoC) igomba kwerekana amabwiriza yose y’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi, nka Low Voltage Directive, EMC Directive, Eco-design Directive, na RoHS Directive. DoC igomba kugaragaza amakuru y’uruganda, umwirondoro w’ibicuruzwa, n’umukono w’umuntu ushinzwe. Ikimenyetso cya CE kigomba kugaragara ku bicuruzwa, kigaragara kandi gifite uburebure bwa mm 5 nibura. Abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bagomba kandi kugenzura ko ibisabwa byose byo gushyiramo ibirango, harimo na WEEE n’ibirango by’ibicuruzwa bijyanye n’ingufu, byujuje ibisabwa. Abakozi ba gasutamo bashobora gusaba izi nyandiko igihe icyo ari cyo cyose, bityo abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bagomba kuzigumana.

Abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bafite inshingano zose zo kubahiriza amategeko agenga ibicuruzwa no kwemererwa ibicuruzwa mu buryo bwa gasutamo hakurikijwe amategeko y’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi. Igenzura ry’uruhande rwa gatatu rishobora gufasha kugabanya ibyago byo kubahiriza amategeko.

Iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko n'imisoro mu Bwongereza

Ubwongereza bushyira mu bikorwa amategeko yabwo yo kubahiriza ibicuruzwa nyuma ya Brexit. Abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bagomba kwemeza ko amatara y’imbere y’umuryango ahuye n’ibisabwa mu kugaragaza ibicuruzwa bya UKCA (UK Conformity Assessed) ku bicuruzwa byashyizwe ku isoko ry’Ubwongereza. Ikimenyetso cya UKCA gisimbura ikimenyetso cya CE ku bicuruzwa byinshi, ariko Irilande y’Amajyaruguru iracyakira ikimenyetso cya CE hakurikijwe Protocol ya Irilande y’Amajyaruguru.

Abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bagomba gutanga Itangazo ry’Ubwongereza ry’Uburyo bwo Gukurikiza Amategeko, rigaragaza neza amabwiriza y’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi ariko rigasobanura amabwiriza y’Ubwongereza. Kwemererwa ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bisaba inomero ya EORI itangwa n’abayobozi b’Ubwongereza. Abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bagomba gutanga amatangazo y’ibicuruzwa bitumijwe mu mahanga no kwishyura imisoro isabwa na TVA. Inyandiko za tekiniki, zirimo raporo z’ibizamini n’isuzuma ry’ibyago, zigomba kuba zihari kugira ngo zigenzurwe. Guverinoma y’Ubwongereza ishobora gusaba icyemezo cy’uko yujuje ibisabwa mu gihe icyo ari cyo cyose, bityo abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bagomba kugira inyandiko ziteguye neza.

Ubusuwisi, Noruveje, n'andi masoko ya EEA

Ubusuwisi na Noruveje, nk'ibihugu bigize Akarere k'Ubukungu bw'i Burayi (EEA), bikurikiza amategeko asa n'ay'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi yerekeye kubahiriza amatara yo mu mutwe ya CE. Abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bagomba kwemeza ko ibicuruzwa bifite ikirango cya CE kandi byujuje amabwiriza yose y'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi. Inzego za gasutamo muri ibi bihugu zisaba inyandiko zimwe za tekiniki, harimo n'Itangazo ry'Uburyo bwo Gukurikiza Amategeko n'ibizamini bizishyigikira.

Imbonerahamwe igaragaza muri make ibisabwa by'ingenzi kuri aya masoko:

Abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bagomba kwemeza ibindi bisabwa mu gihugu mbere yo kohereza ibicuruzwa. Gukomeza kwandika inyandiko bigezweho bituma ibicuruzwa bigenzurwa neza kandi bigahabwa isoko.

Isuzuma n'igenzura ry'uko amatara yo mu mutwe yubahirizwa mbere yo koherezwa

Urutonde rw'igenzura ryo kugenzura iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko

Urutonde rwuzuye rw'ibisabwa mbere yo kohereza ibicuruzwa rufasha abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga kwirinda gutinda guhenda no kugira ibibazo byo kubahiriza amategeko. Buri kohereza amatara y'imbere bigomba gusuzumwa mu buryo burambuye mbere yo kuva mu ruganda. Intambwe zikurikira zigize urutonde rw'ibisabwa rwizewe:

1. Tegura impapuro zose, harimo inyemezabuguzi y'ubucuruzi, urutonde rw'ibipakiwe, inyemezabuguzi y'imizigo, n'icyemezo cy'aho ibicuruzwa bikomoka.
2. Koresha Kode y'Ubwishingizi ikwiye kugira ngo ushyire mu byiciro ibicuruzwa.
3. Menyesha agaciro nyakuri k'ibicuruzwa ukoresheje uburyo bwemewe bwo gupima agaciro.
4. Wishyure imisoro yose, imisoro n'ibindi byose bireba.
5. Kubika inyandiko zirambuye za buri gikorwa n'inyandiko.
6. Gusobanukirwa no kubahiriza amabwiriza agenga itumizwa ry’ibicuruzwa n’amategeko agenga gasutamo mu gihugu kigiye gucuruzwa.
7. Tekereza guha akazi impuguke mu bya gasutamo cyangwa abahuza kugira ngo ubone uburenganzira bwo kwishyura ibicuruzwa.
8. Genzura ko ikimenyetso cya CE cyujuje ibisabwa, urebe neza ko ikimenyetso kigaragara, gisomeka neza, gihoraho, kandi gifite uburebure bwa mm 5 nibura.
9. Menya neza ko Itangazo ryo Gukurikiza Amategeko rigaragaza amabwiriza yose y’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi.
10. Emeza ko dosiye ya tekiniki irimo inyandiko zose zisabwa na raporo z'ibizamini.
11. Genzura ko ibyapa by'amatara n'ibipfunyika byujuje ibisabwa n'amategeko y'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi.
12. Gukora igenzura ry’amaso no gupima aho ibicuruzwa bikorerwa kugira ngo urebe imikorere n’umutekano wabyo.
13. Shaka raporo irambuye y'igenzura hamwe n'ibimenyetso by'amafoto.

Inama: Urutonde rwuzuye rugabanya ibyago byo kutubahiriza amategeko no kwanga kohereza ibicuruzwa.

Gukorana n'Abagenzuzi b'Itsinda rya Gatatu

Abagenzuzi b’imigabane ya gatatu bagira uruhare runini mu kugenzura ko ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa. Aba banyamwuga bigenga bapima kandi bagapima amatara yo mu mutwe kugira ngo bemeze ko bujuje ibisabwa mu masezerano n’amategeko. Bakora kandi igenzura ry’inganda, basuzuma uburyo bwo gukora n’uburyo bwo gucunga ubuziranenge. Bakoresheje serivisi z’igenzura ry’imigabane ya gatatu zizwi, abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bashobora kugenzura ubuziranenge bw’abatanga ibicuruzwa, kugabanya ibyago byo kugezwaho ibicuruzwa, no kwemeza ko bubahiriza amahame mpuzamahanga n’ay’akarere. Ubu buryo bushyigikira ubwisanzure kandi bukubaka icyizere hagati y’inzego z’ubuyobozi n’abakiriya.

Intambwe za nyuma mbere yo kohereza

Mbere yo koherezaAmatara yo mu mutwe afite icyemezo cya CE, abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bagomba kurangiza intambwe nyinshi za nyuma zo kugenzura:

1. Kora igenzura ryuzuye ry'ibyoherejwe bwa mbere kugira ngo urebe ko ibicuruzwa bifite ubuziranenge.
2. Kora igenzura ry'ibipimo by'ibicuruzwa bizakurikiraho.
3. Emeza ibisobanuro birambuye ku gupfunyika, harimo ingano, ibikoresho, n'icapiro.
4. Shaka icyemezo cyo gushushanya ikirango mbere yo gusaba.
5. Genzura ibipimo by'umusaruro nk'ingano n'ibikoresho.
6. Tegura inyandiko zose zikenewe zo kohereza.
7. Emeza amakuru arambuye yo kohereza mu nyandiko, harimo itariki n'uburyo bwo gutwara.
8. Shaka kopi z'inyandiko zo kohereza kugira ngo ukurikirane kandi utange ibirego.
9. Igenzura ryuzuye rya gasutamo n'igenzura ku cyambu cy'aho ibicuruzwa bijyanwa.

Izi ntambwe zifasha kwemeza ko amatara yo mu mutwe ya CE yujuje ibisabwa kandi ko yinjira ku isoko nta nkomyi.

Abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bashobora kwemeza ko binjira ku isoko mu buryo bworoshye bakurikije izi ntambwe z'ingenzi:

1. Kubika inyandiko zikwiye z’impamyabushobozi, harimo n’impamyabushobozi za ECE R149 n’ibirango bya E-Mark.
2. Emeza ibyangombwa by'umutanga serivisi kandi usabe ibyemezo by'uko amategeko yubahirizwa.
3. Komeza ushyireho inyandiko zose zitumizwa mu mahanga kugira ngo zigenzurwe.
4. Imyitwarireigenzura ry'ibizakorwa mbere yo kohereza ibicuruzwan'igeragezwa ry'ibicuruzwa.
5. Shyira hamwe uburyo bwo kubahiriza amategeko hakiri kare mu igenamigambi ry'ibicuruzwa kandi wubake amatsinda y'abakozi bakorana.
6. Shyira imari mu isuzuma ryimbitse kandi ukomeze kumenya amakuru ajyanye n'amabwiriza ahora ahinduka.

Inyandiko zirambuye n'igenzura ryihuse biracyari ishingiro ryo kubahiriza neza amatara yo mu mutwe ya CE mu 2025.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ni izihe nyandiko abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bagomba kubika kugira ngo barebe ko amatara ya CE yubahirizwa?

Abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bagomba kugumanaItangazo ryo Gukurikiza Amategeko, dosiye ya tekiniki, raporo z'ibizamini, n'ibitabo by'abakoresha. Abayobozi bashobora gusaba izi nyandiko igihe icyo ari cyo cyose. Bika inyandiko zose nibura imyaka 10 nyuma y'uko ibicuruzwa bya nyuma byinjijwe ku isoko.

Ese itara ryo mu mutwe rishobora kugurishwa mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’uburayi ridafite ikirango cya CE?

Oya.Ikimenyetso cya CEni itegeko ku bicuruzwa byemewe n'amategeko mu muryango w'ubumwe bw'ibihugu by'i Burayi. Ibicuruzwa bidafite ikirango cya CE bishobora kwangwa na gasutamo, gucibwa amande, cyangwa kwimurirwa ahandi. Buri gihe genzura iki kimenyetso mbere yo koherezwa.

Ni nde ushinzwe kubahiriza amategeko ya CE: uwakoze cyangwa uwatumije ibicuruzwa mu mahanga?

Impande zombi zifitanye inshingano. Uruganda rugenzura ko ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa byose kandi rutanga inyandiko. Utumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga agenzura ko byujuje ibisabwa, abika inyandiko, kandi akareba ko ikirango cya CE n'ibirango byacyo ari byo.

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya CE na E-mark ku matara yo mu mutwe?

Icyitonderwa: Amatara y’imbere yemewe n’amategeko agenga imihanda asaba ibimenyetso byombi kugira ngo umuntu yegere ku isoko ry’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi.