Amatara yerekana-Amatara yo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro: Igitabo cyemeza ATEX (Uburayi busanzwe)

Icyemezo cya ATEX gishyiraho amahame akomeye yumutekano kubikoresho bikoreshwa ahantu hashobora guturika. Ibikorwa by'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro bishingiye ku matara adashobora guturika kugira ngo yirinde gutwika imyuka cyangwa umukungugu. Kwubahiriza ATEX bitanga ibyemezo byamategeko kandi bikarinda abakozi mukwemeza ko itara ryemewe ryujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa. Amasosiyete ashyira imbere ibisubizo byemewe byo kumurika bigabanya ingaruka kandi yubahiriza ibipimo ngenderwaho.

Ibyingenzi

• Icyemezo cya ATEX cyemeza ko amatara acukura amabuye y'agaciro afite umutekano mukoresha ahantu haturika mukurinda ibicanwa nubushyuhe bishobora gutera ibisasu.
• Amasosiyete acukura amabuye y'agaciro agomba guhitamo amatara ahuza ibyiciro byangiza akarere kugirango arinde abakozi kandi yujuje ibyangombwa byemewe n'amategeko.
• Amatara yemewe atwara ibimenyetso bya CE na Ex, byerekana ko batsinze ibizamini bikomeye byumutekano kandi byubahiriza amahame yuburayi.
• Kugenzura buri gihe, kubungabunga, no gukoresha ibice byasimbuwe byemewe bituma amatara yizewe kandi agakomeza kubahiriza ATEX.
• Guhugura abacukuzi kurigukoresha itara ryizeweno kumenya ibyago byubaka umuco ukomeye wumutekano kandi bigabanya ingaruka zimpanuka munsi.

Icyemezo cya ATEX hamwe no guturika-gihamya yerekana amatara

Ibisobanuro n'intego ya ATEX Icyemezo

Icyemezo cya ATEX gihagaze nkibisabwa byemewe na tekiniki kubikoresho bikoreshwa ahantu hashobora guturika mubihugu byu Burayi. Amabwiriza ya ATEX 2014/34 / EU ategeka ko ibikoresho byose hamwe na sisitemu zo gukingira bigenewe ikirere nk'iki bigomba kuba byujuje ubuziranenge bw’ubuzima n’umutekano mbere yo kwinjira ku isoko ry’Uburayi. Ababikora bagomba gutanga ibicuruzwa byabo kugirango bipimishe bikomeye umubiri wabimenyeshejwe. Gusa nyuma yo gutsinda ibi bizamini ibikoresho bishobora kwakira ikimenyetso cya 'Ex', byerekana ko gikwiye ikirere giturika. Uburyo bwo gutanga ibyemezo busaba kandi ibyangombwa bya tekiniki, gusesengura ibyago, no gutangaza ko bihuye. Izi ntambwe zemeza ko ibicuruzwa byose byemewe, harimogucana amatara, irashobora gukorera neza ahantu hashobora guteza akaga. Aya mabwiriza ahuza inzira yubahirizwa mu bihugu by’Uburayi, ashyigikira umutekano ndetse n’ibicuruzwa byinjira mu buntu.

Icyitonderwa:Icyemezo cya ATEX ntabwo gihitamo kubakora nabatanga ibicuruzwa. Ni inshingano zemewe n'amategeko zigamije gukumira impanuka no kurinda abakozi mu nganda zugarijwe n'ingaruka ziturika.

Impamvu ATEX Icyemezo Cyingenzi cyo gucukura amatara

Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro bugaragaza ingaruka zidasanzwe, harimo kuba gaze metani, umukungugu w'amakara, n'imiti ihindagurika. Ibi bintu birashobora gukora ikirere giturika, bigatuma ibikoresho bikomeye byumutekano ari ngombwa. Icyemezo cya ATEX cyo gucana amatara adashobora guturika akora intego nyinshi zingenzi:

• Irinde inkongi y'umuriro mu kirere giturika mu kwemeza ko ibikoresho bikuraho ibicanwa, umuriro, cyangwa ubushyuhe bukabije.
• Kurinda abakozi n’ibidukikije mu kugabanya ibyago byo guturika biterwa na gaze n’umukungugu.
• Irasaba ibizamini bikomeye, nko kurwanya ubushyuhe no guhagarika ikirere, kugirango hemezwe imikorere itekanye muri zone zangiza.
• Yerekana ubushake bw'isosiyete mu gucunga umutekano no kurengera ubuzima bwa muntu n'umutungo.
• Gutezimbere ibikorwa byizewe mukwemeza ko ibikoresho bihanganira imiterere mibi yubucukuzi, bigabanya igihe cyo gutinda no kubungabunga.
• Kongera icyizere mu bakozi n'abafatanyabikorwa mu kwerekana ubwitange ku mutekano n'ubuziranenge.

Icyemezo cya ATEX kigabanya cyane cyane ingaruka zo guturika mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro. Ibikoresho byubahiriza byimazeyo amabwiriza y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, ashyira ahantu hashobora guteza akaga kandi bisaba amahame y’umutekano akwiranye. Kurugero, ibiza byubucukuzi bwamateka, nkibiza bya Monongah Mine, byerekana ububi bwibikoresho bidakingiwe. Amatara yemewe yerekana iturika ryamabuye y'agaciro afasha gukumira ibintu nkibi mukurandura inkomoko no gutwika imikorere yizewe mubidukikije bikungahaye kuri metani. Igikorwa cyo gutanga ibyemezo gikubiyemo ibyiringiro bihoraho, ibyiciro byubushyuhe bugarukira, hamwe no kwerekana ibimenyetso bya gaze n ivumbi. Izi ngamba zemeza ko amatara n’ibindi bikoresho by’ubucukuzi bikora neza, birinda abakozi n’umutungo.

Amabwiriza ya ATEX nibisabwa n'amategeko

Amabwiriza y'ingenzi ya ATEX kubikoresho byo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro

Ibikorwa byo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bigomba kubahiriza amabwiriza abiri y’ingenzi ya ATEX kugira ngo umutekano urusheho kuba mu kirere.

• Amabwiriza 2014/34 / EU (Amabwiriza y'ibikoresho bya ATEX):Aya mabwiriza agenga igishushanyo, gukora, no kwemeza ibikoresho byo gukoresha ahantu haturika. Irakoreshwa mu buryo butaziguye amatara yubucukuzi kandi isaba isuzumabumenyi, ikimenyetso cya CE, no gushyira mubyiciro byibikoresho byihariye.
• Amabwiriza 1999/92 / EC (Amabwiriza y'akazi ka ATEX):Aya mabwiriza yibanze ku mutekano w'abakozi. Irasaba abakoresha gukora isuzuma ryibyago, gushyira mubikorwa ingamba zo kubarinda, no gutanga amahugurwa. Abakoresha bagomba kandi gutegura inyandiko zo gukingira ibisasu kugirango berekane ko byubahirizwa.

Kudakurikiza aya mabwiriza birashobora kuvamo ingaruka zikomeye. Isosiyete icukura amabuye y'agaciro irashobora guhanishwa ihazabu, guhagarika ibikorwa, no kwangirika kwizina. Kutubahiriza amategeko byongera ibyago byimpanuka, ibikomere, cyangwa impfu.

Agace gashobora guteza akaga n'ingaruka zacyo muguhitamo amatara

ATEX ishyira ahantu hashobora guteza akaga mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro hashingiwe ku gihe ikirere gishobora guturika. Iri tondekanya rigira ingaruka zitaziguye zo gutoranya amatara. Imbonerahamwe ikurikira irerekana muri make uturere n'ibisabwa:

Amasosiyete acukura amabuye y'agaciro agomba guhitamo amatara ahuza ibyiciro bya zone kugirango umutekano w'abakozi wubahirizwe.

Amatsinda y'Ibikoresho n'ibyiciro Byasobanuwe

ATEX igabanya ibikoresho mumatsinda abiri yingenzi.

• Itsinda rya I:Iri tsinda ririmo ibikoresho byo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro, harimo n'amatara. Ikemura ibyago bituruka kumuriro hamwe n ivumbi ryaka. Mu itsinda rya I, ibyiciro bibiri birahari:
  • M1:Ibikoresho byabugenewe ahantu hashobora guturika ikirere mugihe gikora. Amatara agomba gutanga urwego rwo hejuru rwo kurinda kandi agakomeza gukora neza nubwo imyuka iturika cyangwa umukungugu bihari.
  • M2:Ibikoresho bigenewe ahantu hashobora guturika ikirere gishobora rimwe na rimwe. Amatara agomba kuguma afite umutekano ariko arashobora kuzimya mugihe hagaragaye umwuka mubi.
• Itsinda rya II:Iri tsinda rireba izindi nganda zifite ikirere giturika kandi ikoresha ibyiciro 1, 2, na 3 bishingiye ku rwego rw’ibyago.

Itsinda hamwe nicyiciro byerekana ibyangombwa bya tekiniki, ibizamini, hamwe nuburyo bwo gutanga ibimenyetso byerekana amatara aturika. Amatara yo gucukura mu itsinda rya I, cyane cyane ayari mu cyiciro cya M1, agomba kuba yujuje amahame akomeye y’umutekano yo kurinda abakozi mu nsi.

Icyemezo cya ATEX Gahunda yo Guturika-Icyemezo Cyamatara Mining

Isuzuma ry'ingaruka no Kumenya ibyago

Amasosiyete acukura amabuye y'agaciro agomba gukurikiza uburyo bunoze bwo gusuzuma ingaruka no kumenya ingaruka mbere yo guhitamogucana amatara. Inzira itangirana no kumenya ingaruka zishobora guturika hifashishijwe gusesengura ibintu byaka, okiside, hamwe n’inkomoko y’umuriro. Amakipe noneho ashyira ahantu hashobora guteza akaga muri zone, nka Zone 0, 1, na 2 kuri gaze cyangwa Zone 20, 21, na 22 zumukungugu, ukurikije inshuro nyinshi ikirere giturika. Inyandiko z'iri suzuma zigaragara mu nyandiko irinda ibisasu (EPD), isobanura ingamba zo gukingira hamwe n'impamvu yo guhitamo ibikoresho. Ibigo bihitamo ibikoresho byemejwe nubuyobozi bwa ATEX 2014/34 / EU bihuye nibyiciro bya zone. Ikimenyetso gisobanutse neza cya zone kibangamira abakozi bose. Amahugurwa asanzwe y'abakozi ku byago biturika hamwe n'inzira z'akazi zitekanye bikomeje kuba ngombwa. Sisitemu yakazi itekanye, harimo impushya zakazi zishyushye hamwe nubugenzuzi bukora, bifasha gukumira inkomoko yumuriro.

Inama:Komeza inyandiko zuzuye kandi ukoreshe gusa ibice byasimbuwe byemewe kugirango ukomeze kubahiriza umutekano.

Igishushanyo cyibicuruzwa nibiranga umutekano wimbere

Ababikora bashushanya amatara adashobora guturika gucukura hamwe numutekano wimbere nkibyingenzi. Amatara maremare agaragaza amashanyarazi make nubushyuhe bwo gukumira umuriro, imyuka, cyangwa ivumbi. Ibipimo by'ubushyuhe byemeza ko ubushyuhe bwo hejuru buguma munsi yumuriro wibikoresho bikikije. Ubwubatsi bufunze hamwe nu rwego rwo hejuru rwo kurinda ibicuruzwa, nka IP66 cyangwa IP67, birinda umukungugu n’amazi. Ingaruka na chimique birwanya kubungabunga ubusugire bwumutekano mubidukikije bikaze. Ibice bya batiri bifite umutekano birinda ibishashi cyangwa impanuka. Moderi nyinshi zikoresha bateri zishobora kwishyurwa hamwe na protocole yumuriro itekanye. Sisitemu yogushiraho yemerera gukora kubusa, kandi uburyo bwinshi bwo kumurika butanga urumuri rwinshi kubikorwa bitandukanye byubucukuzi.

Kwipimisha, Isuzuma, hamwe nicyemezo cya gatatu

Ababikora bagomba gutanga amatara adafite iturika muri laboratoire zemewe kugirango bipimishe bikomeye. Inzira ikubiyemo gusuzuma igishushanyo mbonera cyubwubatsi, hanyuma bigakurikirwakwipimisha haba mubikorwa bisanzwe kandi bidasanzwe. Isuzuma ryamakuru yimikorere ryemeza gukurikiza ibisobanuro bya tekiniki. Ibintu by'ingenzi byageragejwe birimo ibipimo by'ubushyuhe, kurinda ibyinjira, no gukoresha ibikoresho bidacana, birwanya static. Ingamba zo gukingira amashanyarazi zirinda arcing cyangwa gutera. Gusa nyuma yo gutsinda ibizamini byose bisabwa ibicuruzwa byakira icyemezo cya ATEX. Ikimenyetso cya ATEX kuri buri gitereko cyemeza ko hubahirizwa ibisabwa by’umutekano w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi kandi bikwiranye n’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y'agaciro.

Inyandiko ya tekiniki, CE, na Ex Marking

Ababikora bagomba gutegura ibyangombwa bya tekiniki kuri buri tara ridashobora guturika rigenewe ubucukuzi. Iyi nyandiko ikora nk'ikimenyetso cyerekana ko ibicuruzwa byujuje ibyangombwa byose bya ATEX. Harimo igishushanyo mbonera kirambuye, gusuzuma ingaruka, raporo y'ibizamini, n'amabwiriza y'abakoresha. Idosiye ya tekiniki igomba gukomeza kuboneka kugirango igenzurwe nubuyobozi byibuze imyaka icumi nyuma yanyuma igice gishyizwe kumasoko.

Ikimenyetso cya CE gikora nk'itangazo rigaragara ko itara ryubahiriza amabwiriza yose y’i Burayi, harimo na ATEX. Mbere yo gushiraho ikimenyetso cya CE, ababikora bagomba kuzuza isuzuma rihuye. Iyi nzira ikubiyemo:

1. Gukusanya inyandiko ya tekiniki.
2. Kwipimisha mugice cya gatatu numubiri wabimenyeshejwe.
3. Gutanga Itangazo ry’ibihugu by’Uburayi.

Icyitonderwa:Ikimenyetso cya CE cyonyine ntabwo cyemeza kurinda ibisasu. Gusa ibicuruzwa bifite CE na Ex byujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa kubidukikije byangiza.

Ikimenyetso cya Ex gitanga amakuru yihariye yerekeye kurinda ibisasu biranga itara. Bigaragara neza kubicuruzwa no mubitabo byabakoresha. Ex code ikubiyemo ibisobanuro nkitsinda ryibikoresho, icyiciro, uburyo bwo kurinda, nicyiciro cyubushyuhe. Urugero:

Amasosiyete acukura amabuye y'agaciro agomba guhora agenzura ibimenyetso bya CE na Ex mbere yo kugura amatara. Ibimenyetso byerekana ko ibikoresho byujuje ubuziranenge n’umutekano ku kirere giturika. Inyandiko zikwiye hamwe nibimenyetso byerekana inkunga ikurikirana, kubahiriza amabwiriza, n'umutekano w'abakozi.

Guhitamo ATEX Yemerewe Guturika-Icyemezo Cyamatara Mining

Nigute Wamenya Amatara Yukuri ATEX-Yemewe

Amasosiyete acukura amabuye y'agaciro ahura n'ingaruka zikomeye zituruka ku bicuruzwa byamatara byiganano cyangwa bitemewe. Kugirango umutekano ubeho, amatsinda agomba kugenzura ko buri tara ritwara ibimenyetso bya ATEX na Ex. Ibimenyetso bigomba kugaragara neza kubicuruzwa no mubitabo byabakoresha. Ikimenyetso cya CE nacyo kigomba kuba gihari, cyemeza kubahiriza amabwiriza yuburayi.
Ingaruka ziganano zisanzwe mumasoko yamurika iturika harimo:

• Ibicuruzwa bidafite ibyemezo bikwiye cyangwa ibyangombwa
• Ibirango mpimbano cyangwa byahinduwe
• Abatanga ibyiringiro batanga ibikoresho bitemewe

Amatsinda yamasoko agomba gusaba ibyemezo byumwimerere hamwe no kunyuranya nimero yuruhererekane hamwe nuwabikoze cyangwa umubiri wabimenyeshejwe. Abatanga ibicuruzwa byizewe batanga ibyangombwa bisobanutse namateka yibicuruzwa. Kugura gusagucana amatarabiva ahantu hizewe hamwe nibimenyetso byagaragaye mumatara yangiritse.

Ibintu by'ingenzi biranga umutekano wo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro

Amatara adashobora guturika yagenewe ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro agomba gutanga ibintu bikomeye biranga umutekano. Ibintu by'ingenzi birimo:

• Igishushanyo mbonera cyumutekano kugirango wirinde ibishashi cyangwa ubushyuhe bukabije
• Kurinda kwinjira cyane (IP66 cyangwa irenga) kugirango ivumbi n'amazi birwanya amazi
• Ubwubatsi burambye bwo guhangana ningaruka n’imiti ikaze
• Ibice bya batiri bifite umutekano, bifunze kugirango wirinde impanuka
• Batteri zishobora kwishyurwa hamwe na protocole yumuriro itekanye
• Sisitemu yogushiraho uburyo bwo gukoresha amaboko kubusa
• Uburyo bwinshi bwo kumurika kubikorwa bitandukanye byubucukuzi

Ibiranga byemeza imikorere yizewe mubidukikije kandi bishobora gushyigikira kubahiriza ibipimo bya ATEX.

Inama zifatika zo kubahiriza no gukora neza

Ibikorwa byo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro bigomba gukurikiza uburyo bwiza bwo kubungabunga umutekano no kubahiriza amabwiriza. Imbonerahamwe ikurikira irerekana muri make intambwe zingenzi:

Impanuro: Ntuzigere uhindura cyangwa ngo uhindure amatara acana amatara. Buri gihe ukoreshe bateri-yakozwe na bateri na charger kugirango ubungabunge ibyemezo numutekano.

Gukomeza kubahiriza hamwe no guturika-Ibimenyetso byerekana amatara

Kugenzura no Kubungabunga Ibikorwa byiza

Ibikorwa by'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro biterwa n'amatara yizewe kugira ngo umutekano w'abakozi ubungabunge ibidukikije. Ibisanzwekugenzura no kubungabungaamatara afite uruhare runini mugukomeza kubahiriza ATEX. Ibigo bigomba gushyiraho gahunda yuzuye yo kubungabunga ikubiyemo ubugenzuzi buteganijwe, ibizamini byuzuye, hamwe na serivisi zumwuga. Iri genzura rigomba gukubiyemo ibice byose byingenzi, nkibice bya batiri, kashe, sisitemu, nisoko yumucyo. Amakipe agomba gukurikiza ibyifuzo byabashinzwe no guhindura intera igenzurwa hashingiwe kumikorere.

Inyandiko ikwiye ishyigikira kubahiriza. Ibikoresho byo gufata neza bigomba kwandika amatariki yo kugenzura, ibyabonetse, hamwe nibikorwa byose byakosowe. Serivise yumwuga nabatekinisiye babishoboye ifasha kumenya ibibazo bishobora kubaho mbere yo guhungabanya umutekano. Isosiyete igomba gusimbuza ibice byashaje cyangwa byangiritse gusa nibice byemewe kugirango bigumane ubusugire bwibikoresho.

Inama:Kubungabunga bidasubirwaho ntabwo byongerera igihe cyo kumurika amatara gusa ahubwo binakomeza kubahiriza amahame ya ATEX.

Amahugurwa n'inshingano z'abakoresha

Gahunda nziza zamahugurwa ziha abacukuzi ubumenyi nubuhanga bukenewekoresha amatara nezamu kirere giturika. Amahugurwa agomba kuba akubiyemo:

• Kumenyekanisha ibyago bijyanye nibidukikije biturika
• Amabwiriza yo gukoresha neza ibikoresho byemewe na ATEX
• Sobanura protocole yumutekano yo gushiraho, kugenzura, no kubungabunga
• Kwitegura byihutirwa, harimo uruhare mugihe kibaye
• Ivugurura risanzwe hamwe nimyitozo kugirango ushimangire gahunda yo gutabara byihutirwa

Abakoresha bafite inshingano zihariye muguhitamo no gukora amatara. Bagomba guhitamo icyitegererezo cyumutekano gikwiranye nakazi kabo kandi bakemeza kubahiriza ibyemezo bijyanye. Guhitamo urumuri rukwiye hamwe nibishobora guhinduka bishyigikira imirimo yihariye. Abakozi bagomba kugenzura ko ubuzima bwa bateri buhuye nigihe cyo guhinduka kugirango birinde guhagarika. Igikorwa kitarimo amaboko cyongera umutekano nubushobozi, cyane cyane ahantu hafunzwe. Kumenya ibihe bishobora guteza akaga n'uruhare rw'amatara mu gukumira impanuka bikomeje kuba ngombwa.

Amahugurwa asanzwe ninshingano zisobanutse zabakoresha byubaka umuco wumutekano ukomeye kandi bigafasha gukumira impanuka mubikorwa byubucukuzi.

Amatara yemewe na ATEX afite uruhare runini mumutekano wubucukuzi no kubahiriza amabwiriza. Ibikoresho byemewe bigabanya ingaruka zemewe n'amategeko kandi bigatanga imikorere yizewe mubidukikije. Abacukura amabuye y'agaciro bagomba:

• Hitamo amatara afite ibimenyetso bisobanutse bya ATEX na Ex.
• Teganya ubugenzuzi busanzwe kandi ukoreshe ibice byasimbuwe byemewe.
• Tanga amahugurwa ahoraho kubakoresha bose.

Guhitamo neza no gufata neza amatara yubahiriza kurinda abakozi numutungo.

Ibibazo

Icyemezo cya ATEX gisobanura iki kumatara yubucukuzi?

Icyemezo cya ATEXyemeza ko itara ryujuje ubuziranenge bw’umutekano w’uburayi ku kirere giturika. Ibicuruzwa byemewe byerekana ibimenyetso bya CE na Ex, byemeza imikorere myiza mubucukuzi bwangiza.

Nigute abacukuzi bashobora kugenzura icyemezo cyamatara ya ATEX?

Abacukuzi bagomba kugenzura ibimenyetso bya CE na Ex kumatara hanyuma bagasuzuma ibyakozwe nuwabikoze. Abatanga ibicuruzwa byizewe batanga ibyemezo byumwimerere hamwe namateka yibicuruzwa.

Impanuro: Buri gihe saba ibyangombwa byemeza mbere yo kugura ibikoresho.

Nibihe bintu bituma itara rikwiranye n’umutekano w’amabuye y'agaciro?

Ibyingenzi byingenzi birimo igishushanyo mbonera cyumutekano, kurinda cyane kwinjira (IP66 cyangwa irenga), kubaka igihe kirekire, ibice bya batiri bifunze, hamwe na bateri zishobora kwishyurwa. Guhindura gushiraho hamwe nuburyo bwinshi bwo kumurika bishyigikira imirimo itandukanye yubucukuzi.