Amabwiriza Mpuzamahanga y'Umutekano ku Matara yo mu Rugo ashobora kongera gushyirwamo umuriro mu turere dufite akaga

Amabwiriza mpuzamahanga y’umutekano ku matara yo mu bwoko bwa "headlamps" ashobora kongera gukoreshwa mu turere twangiza ikirere, atuma habaho imikorere myiza mu duce aho imyuka iturika cyangwa ivumbi rishobora gutwika bishobora guteza ibyago. Aya mahame, nka ATEX/IECEx, yemeza ko ibikoresho byujuje ibisabwa mu by’umutekano, bigabanya ibyago bishobora kubaho.

Gukurikiza aya mabwiriza bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku mutekano w'aho bakorera. Urugero:

1. Igenzura rya OSHA ryatumye imvune zigabanukaho 9% ndetse n'igabanukaho 26% ry'ikiguzi cy'imvune (Levine et al., 2012).
2. Igenzura ryakozwe n’ibihano ryatumye imvune zabuze ku kazi zigabanukaho 19% (Gray na Mendeloff, 2005).
3. Ibigo byagize igabanuka rya 24% ry’imvune mu myaka ibiri nyuma y’igenzura (Haviland et al., 2012).

Ibi byavumbuwe bigaragaza uruhare runini rwo kubahiriza amategeko mu kurinda abakozi no kugabanya ibyago.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Kumenya uturere dufite akaga ni ingenzi kugira ngo uhitemo itara rikwiye. Buri gace gakeneye amategeko yihariye agenga umutekano.
• Impamyabushobozi za ATEX na IECEx zerekana ko amatara y'imbere y'umutwe akurikiza amabwiriza akomeyeamategeko y'umutekanoIbi bigabanya ibyago mu turere duteje akaga.
• Kugenzura no gusana amatara yo mu mutweakenshi bibungabunga umutekano kandi bikora neza. Reba niba hari ibyangiritse hanyuma ugerageze urumuri mbere yo kurikoresha.
• Hitamo amatara yo mu mutwe akoroheye kandi yoroshye gukoresha. Ibi bifasha mu gihe kirekire ukora ahantu hashobora guteza akaga.
• Guhugura abakozi ku gukoresha ibikoresho no kugumana umutekano bituma akazi kaba mu mutekano kandi vuba.

Uduce dufite akaga n'uburyo dushyirwamo

Ibisobanuro by'uturere dufite akaga

Uduce dufite akaga ni ahantu hashobora guturika bitewe n’ibyuka bitwika, umwuka, ivumbi, cyangwa insinga. Utu duce dukenera ingamba zikomeye zo kwirinda ko hashobora guteza ibyago bikomeye. Uduce dutandukanye dukoresha uburyo bwihariye bwo gushyira mu byiciro utwo duce.

Izi gahunda zituma habaho uburyo bwo kumenya no kugabanya ibyago mu nganda.

Ishyirwa mu byiciro ry'uturere (Agace ka 0, Agace ka 1, Agace ka 2)

Uduce dufite akaga twongera gushyirwa mu byiciro hashingiwe ku buryo ikirere gishobora guturika n'igihe kimaze. Imbonerahamwe ikurikira igaragaza ibipimo ngenderwaho kuri buri gace:

Izi nzego ziyobora guhitamo ibikoresho, nkaamatara yo mu mutwe ashobora kongera gukoreshwa, kugira ngo habeho umutekano n'iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko.

Inganda zisanzwe n'ikoreshwa ryazo

Uduce dufite akaga twiganje mu nganda zitandukanye aho ibintu bishobora gushya bikorerwa. Inzego z'ingenzi zirimo:

• Peteroli na gaze
• Imiti n'imiti
• Ibyokurya n'ibinyobwa
• Ingufu n'ingufu
• Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro

Mu 2020, ibyumba byita ku butabazi byavuje abakozi bagera kuri miliyoni 1.8 bakomeretse ku kazi, ibi bikaba bishimangira akamaro ko gufata ingamba z’umutekano muri ibi bice. Amatara yo mu mutwe ashobora kongera gushyirwamo umuriro yagenewe ahantu hateje akaga agira uruhare runini mu kugabanya ibyago no kurinda umutekano w’abakozi.

Icyemezo cya ATEX/IECEx n'andi mahame mpuzamahanga

Incamake y'Icyemezo cya ATEX

icyemezo cya ATEXyemeza ko ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu kirere giturika byujuje ibisabwa bikomeye by’umutekano. ATEX yakomotse ku Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi, izina ryayo rikomoka ku ijambo ry’Igifaransa "ATmosphères EXplosibles." Iki cyemezo kireba ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi n’imashini, kikareba ko bitaba isoko ry’umuriro mu bidukikije biteje akaga. Abakora ibikoresho bagomba kubahiriza amabwiriza ya ATEX kugira ngo bagurishe ibicuruzwa byabo mu Burayi.

Ibipimo ngenderwaho bya tekiniki byo kwemeza ATEX bigaragazwa mu mabwiriza yihariye. Aya mabwiriza ashimangira ko amahame y’umutekano ahoraho kandi yizewe:

Inyigo zerekana ibyiza byo guhabwa icyemezo cya ATEX:

• Uruganda rwa peteroli rwavuguruwe rukaba utwuma dupima gaze twemewe na ATEX Zone 1. Iri hinduka ryatumye habaho gupima gaze hakiri kare, rigabanya impanuka, kandi rikongera igihe cyo gukora.
• Inzu ikora imiti yasimbuje amatara asanzwe n'amatara yemewe na ATEX Zone 1 adaturika. Iri vugurura ryatumye habaho iyubahirizwa ry'umutekano no kugaragara neza, bituma habaho ahantu hatekanye ho gukorera.

Izi ngero zigaragaza uburyo icyemezo cya ATEX cyongera umutekano n'imikorere myiza mu turere dufite akaga.

Amahame ngenderwaho ya IECEx n'akamaro kayo ku isi yose

Sisitemu ya IECEx itanga urwego rwemewe ku isi hose rwo kwemeza ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu kirere giturika. Yakozwe na Komisiyo Mpuzamahanga ya Electrotechnical (IEC), iyi sisitemu igenzura ko ibicuruzwa byemewe byujuje ibisabwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga by’umutekano. Bitandukanye na ATEX, ishingiye ku karere, icyemezo cya IECEx cyoroshya ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga binyuze mu guhuza ibisabwa mu mutekano mu bihugu bitandukanye.

Amabwiriza ya IECEx afite akamaro cyane ku bigo mpuzamahanga bikorera mu turere dutandukanye. Mu kubahiriza aya mahame, ibigo bishobora koroshya inzira zo kubahiriza amategeko no kugabanya gukenera ibyemezo byinshi. Ubu buryo ntibuzigama igihe gusa ahubwo bunatuma habaho ingamba zihamye zo kubungabunga umutekano ahantu hose hakorerwa imirimo.

Akamaro k’amahame ya IECEx ku isi hose kari mu bushobozi bwayo bwo gukemura itandukaniro ry’uturere. Urugero, nubwo u Burayi bushingiye ku cyemezo cya ATEX, utundi turere twinshi, harimo Ositaraliya na Nouvelle-Zélande, dukurikiza amahame ya IECEx. Uku guhuza bishimangira ubufatanye mpuzamahanga kandi bikongera umutekano mu nganda nka peteroli na gaze, ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, n’inganda zikora imiti.

Icyemezo cya UL cy'umutekano wa batiri

Icyemezo cya UL cyibanda ku kurinda umutekano n'ubwirinzi bwa bateri zikoreshwa ahantu hateje akaga. Amatara yo mu mutwe ashobora kongera gusharijwa, akenshi afite bateri za lithium-ion, agomba kuba yujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo hirindwe ibyago nko gushyuha cyane, imiyoboro migufi, cyangwa guturika. Amabwiriza ya UL akemura ibi bibazo asuzuma imikorere ya bateri mu bihe bitandukanye.

Bateri zemewe na UL zikorerwa isuzuma rikomeye kugira ngo zishobore kwihanganira ubushyuhe bukabije, stress ya mekanike, no guhura n'ibintu bishobora gushya. Iki cyemezo ni ingenzi cyane ku matara yo mu mutwe ashobora kongera gukoreshwa mu bice biteje akaga, aho bateri ishobora gucika intege bishobora guteza ingaruka mbi.

Mu guhuza icyemezo cya UL n'icyemezo cya ATEX/IECEx, abakora bashobora gutanga ubwishingizi bwuzuye bw'umutekano ku bicuruzwa byabo. Ubu buryo bubiri butumaamatara yo mu mutwe ashobora kongera gukoreshwabyujuje amabwiriza y’umutekano w’amashanyarazi n’uw’amabateri, bigatuma bikoreshwa ahantu hashobora guteza akaga.

Ihindagurika ry'amahame y'umutekano mu turere

Amahame agenga umutekano ku matara yo mu bwoko bwa "headlamps" ashobora kongera gukoreshwa mu turere twangiza ubuzima aratandukanye cyane bitewe n’itandukaniro ry’amategeko agenga imikorere, imikorere y’inganda, n’imiterere y’ibidukikije. Izi mpinduka zigaragaza imbogamizi zidasanzwe n’ibyihutirwa bya buri karere, zigira ingaruka ku buryo ingamba z’umutekano zishyirwa mu bikorwa kandi zigashyirwa mu bikorwa.

Ibintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku tandukaniro ry'uturere

Ibintu byinshi bigira uruhare mu guhindagurika kw'amahame y'umutekano mu turere. Ibi birimo ibintu bihuriweho, ibintu by'abantu, n'itandukaniro ry'umuco. Imbonerahamwe ikurikira igaragaza izi ngaruka:

Uturere dufite ubuyobozi bukomeye, nk'i Burayi, dushimangira iyubahirizwa ry'icyemezo cya ATEX/IECEx. Ibi byemeza ko ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu turere dufite akaga byujuje ibisabwa bikomeye mu mutekano. Mu buryo bunyuranye, utundi turere dushobora gushyira imbere amahame y’ibanze ajyanye n’ibikenewe mu nganda cyangwa ibidukikije.

Ingero z'amahame y'akarere

1. Uburayi: Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi utegeka icyemezo cya ATEX ku bikoresho bikoreshwa mu kirere giturika. Ibi bishimangira ko ibihugu bigize umuryango bifatwa nk’ibifite umutekano umwe, bigatuma habaho urwego rwo hejuru rw’amategeko.
2. Amerika ya Ruguru: Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika na Kanada bishingikiriza ku mahame ya NEC na CEC, ashyira uturere dufite ibyago mu buryo butandukanye n’ubw’i Burayi. Aya mahame yibanda ku bisabwa mu buryo burambuye ku mutekano w’amashanyarazi.
3. Aziya-PasifikaIbihugu byo muri aka karere bikunze gukurikiza amahame mpuzamahanga anyuranye, nka IECEx, n'amategeko agenga uturere. Urugero, Ositaraliya na Nouvelle-Zélande bihuza neza n'amahame ya IECEx, mu gihe ibihugu byo muri Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'Uburasirazuba bishobora gushyiramo andi mabwiriza yo gukemura ibibazo byo mu karere.

Ingaruka ku bakora n'abakoresha

Abakora bagamije kugurisha amatara yo mu bwoko bwa "headlamps" ku isi yose bagomba kunyura muri ubu budasa bw’uturere. Gukurikiza ibyemezo byinshi, nk’ibyemezo bya ATEX/IECEx n’amahame ya UL, byemeza ko ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa mu mutekano ku masoko atandukanye. Ku bakoresha, gusobanukirwa izi mpinduka ni ingenzi mu guhitamo ibikoresho byubahirije amategeko yo mu gace kandi bigatanga umutekano mwiza mu turere twangiza.

Inama: Ibigo bikorera mu turere twinshi bigomba gutekereza gukoresha ibyemezo byemewe ku isi nka IECEx kugira ngo byoroshye kubahiriza amategeko no kunoza umutekano ahantu hose hakorerwa imirimo.

Mu kwemera no gukemura ihindagurika ry’amahame y’umutekano mu turere, inganda zishobora kurinda abakozi n’ibikoresho mu buryo buhoraho, aho byaba biri hose.

Ibisabwa mu rwego rwa tekiniki ku matara yo mu mutwe ashobora kongera gusharijwa

Ikoranabuhanga rirambye ry'ibikoresho n'uburyo bidashobora guturika

Amatara yo mu mutwe ashobora kongera gushyirwamo umuriro yagenewe ahantu hashobora guteza akaga agomba kugaragaza ubushobozi budasanzwe bwo kuramba no kwirinda guturika. Ibi bipimo bitanga icyizere ko ibikoresho bishobora kwihanganira imimerere mibi mu gihe birinda ibyago byo gushya mu bidukikije bishobora gushya. Abakora amatara yo mu mutwe bakoreshaisuzuma rikomeyekugira ngo hamenyekane imikorere n'ubwizerwe byazo.

• Ibizamini bidaturikayemeza ko imiterere y'itara ry'imbere ibuza ibishashi cyangwa ubushyuhe gutwika imyuka itwika.
• Ibizamini byo kurinda kwinjiragusuzuma imiterere y’amazi n’iy’umukungugu, birinda ibice by’imbere mu bidukikije bikomeye.
• Ibizamini byo kurwanya ingesegusuzuma ubushobozi bw'itara ryo mu mutwe bwo kwihanganira gusukwa umunyu, bigamije kwemeza ko rikora neza mu nganda zo mu mazi cyangwa izikoresha imiti.
• Ibizamini byo kurwanya gutigitakwigana imitingito ikora kugira ngo urebe neza ko igikoresho gihamye kandi gifite ubuziranenge.
• Ibipimo byo guhuza n'ubushyuhegenzura neza ko itara ry'imbere rikora neza mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi cyangwa ubukonje bukabije, birinda umunaniro w'ibikoresho.

Ibi bizamini, hamwe n'ibyemezo nka ATEX/IECEx, byemeza ko amatara y'imbere yujuje ibisabwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga by'umutekano. Uru rwego rwo kuramba no gushushanya imiterere idaturika ni ingenzi kuriinganda nka peteroli na gaze, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, n'inganda zikora imiti, aho umutekano udashobora kwangirika.

Umutekano n'Iyubahirizwa ry'Amabateri

Bateri zikoresha amatara yo mu mutwe ashobora kongera gukoreshwa zigomba kubahiriza amabwiriza akomeye y’umutekano no kubahiriza amategeko kugira ngo hirindwe ibyago bishobora kubaho. Bateri za Lithium-ion, zikunze gukoreshwa muri ibi bikoresho, zikorerwa isuzuma rikomeye kugira ngo zimenye neza ko zishobora gukora neza mu bice biteje akaga.

Ingamba z'ingenzi z'umutekano zirimo:

• Uburinzi ku bushyuhe bukabije, bushobora gutera ubushyuhe bukabije cyangwa guturika.
• Kurinda imiyoboro migufi y'amashanyarazi binyuze mu miterere ikomeye y'imbere.
• Ubudahangarwa ku muvuduko wa mekanike, bigatuma batiri igumana neza mu gihe cyo kugwa cyangwa gukubita.
• Ihuzwa n'ubushyuhe bukabije, ikomeza imikorere yayo nta kwangiza umutekano.

Icyemezo cya UL gikora uruhare runini mu kugenzura umutekano wa bateri. Iki cyemezo gihamya ko bateri zujuje ibisabwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga mu bijyanye no kwizerwa no gukora neza. Iyo bihujwe n'icyemezo cya ATEX/IECEx, bitanga icyizere cyuzuye cy'uko itara ryo mu mutwe rishobora gukoreshwa ahantu hashobora guteza akaga gakomeye.

Umusaruro w'urumuri n'imikorere y'imirasire

Amatara yo mu mutwe ashobora kongera gukoreshwa agomba gutanga urumuri ruhoraho kandi agatanga umusaruro mwiza kugira ngo arusheho kugaragara neza kandi agire umutekano.

Abakora ibikoresho bibanda ku bintu byinshi kugira ngo babigereho:

• Urwego rw'umucyobigomba kuba bihagije kugira ngo bimurikire ahantu hijimye cyangwa hafunganye hatabayeho gutera urumuri.
• Intera n'ubugari bw'umurabyobigomba gutanga ishusho isobanutse y’ibikikije, bigatuma abakozi bamenya ibyago bishobora kubaho.
• Igihe cy'urumuri rutanga umusaruro kirarambyeiratuma itara ry'imbere rikomeza gukora mu gihe cy'akazi kenshi.
• Igenamiterere rishobora guhindurwayemerera abakoresha guhindura ubukana bw'urumuri n'uburyo urumuri rugaragara hashingiwe ku mirimo runaka.

Ibizamini by'imikorere y'amatara byemeza ibi bintu, bikerekana ko amatara y'imbere yujuje ibisabwa mu nganda kugira ngo urumuri n'ubwiza bw'urumuri bibe byiza. Amatara y'imbere y'imbere y'amatara akora neza cyane ntabwo yongera imikorere myiza gusa ahubwo anagabanya ibyago byo guhura n'impanuka mu turere twangiza.

Ibipimo bya IP n'uburyo bwo kurengera ibidukikije

Amatara yo mu mutwe ashobora kongera gusharijwa akoreshwa mu turere twangiza ubuzima agomba kwihanganira ibidukikije bigoye. Ibipimo bya IP, cyangwaIbipimo byo Kurinda Kwinjira, bigira uruhare runini mu kumenya ubushobozi bw'igikoresho mu kurwanya ivumbi, amazi n'ibindi bintu byo hanze. Ibi bipimo, byashyizweho na Komisiyo Mpuzamahanga y'Ubuhanga mu by'Ingufu z'Umucyo (IEC), bitanga igipimo gisanzwe cyo kurinda.

Gusobanukirwa amanota ya IP

Ibipimo bya IP bigizwe n'imibare ibiri. Umubare wa mbere ugaragaza uburinzi ku duce duto, mu gihe umubare wa kabiri ugaragaza uburinzi ku bintu bito. Imibare miremire igaragaza uburinzi bukomeye. Urugero:

Ibi bipimo byemeza ko amatara yo mu mutwe aguma akora neza ahantu aho ivumbi, ubushuhe, cyangwa amazi bishobora kwangiza imikorere yabyo.

Akamaro k'amanota ya IP mu turere dufite akaga

Ahantu hateje akaga akenshi hashyira ibikoresho mu bihe bikomeye cyane. Amatara yo mu mutwe ashobora kongera gusharijwa agomba kuba yujuje ibipimo bya IP kugira ngo yizere kandi agire umutekano. Ibyiza by'ingenzi birimo:

• Ubudahangarwa bw'umukungugu: Ibuza utunyangingo kwinjira mu gikoresho, bishobora guteza impanuka cyangwa ibyago byo kwatsa umuriro.
• Gukingira amazi: Irinda ibice by'imbere ubushuhe, ikora neza mu buryo burambye ahantu hatose.
• Kuramba: Yongera igihe cyo kubaho cy'itara ry'imbere, ikagabanya ikiguzi cyo kuribungabunga n'igihe cyo kutarikora.

Inama: Mu gihe uhitamo itara ryo mu mutwe rigenewe uturere dufite ibyago, shyira imbere imiterere ifite amanota ya IP67 cyangwa iri hejuru kugira ngo urinde neza.

Gupima no kwemeza ko birengera ibidukikije

Abakora amatara bapima amatara cyane kugira ngo bemeze amanota yabo ya IP. Ibi bizamini byigana imiterere y'ibintu nyabyo kugira ngo barebe ko igikoresho gikora neza. Uburyo busanzwe burimo:

• Ibizamini byo mu cyumba cy'umukungugu: Suzuma ubushobozi bw'itara ryo mu mutwe bwo guhangana n'uduce duto.
• Ibizamini byo Gukoresha Imashini Isukura Amazi: Suzuma uburyo bwo kwirinda imiyoboro y'amazi ifite umuvuduko mwinshi.
• Ibizamini byo kwibiza mu mazi: Genzura imikorere yayo mugihe cyo kuba yahuye n'amazi igihe kirekire.

Ibikoresho bitsinda ibi bizamini bihabwa ibyemezo, nka ATEX cyangwa IECEx, byemeza ko bikwiye gukoreshwa mu turere dufite akaga.

Ibigomba kwitabwaho mu buryo bwihariye mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa

Inganda zitandukanye zisaba urwego rutandukanye rwo kurengera ibidukikije. Urugero:

• Peteroli na Gazi: Amatara yo mu mutwe agomba kwirinda ivumbi n'amazi mu gihe cyo gucukura.
• Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro: Ibikoresho bigomba kwihanganira kwibira mu miyoboro yuzuye amazi.
• Gukora imitiIbikoresho bigomba gukomeza gukora neza ahantu hari ibintu byangiza.

Guhitamo itara ry'imbere rifite agaciro ka IP bitanga umutekano n'imikorere myiza muri izi porogaramu zisaba imbaraga nyinshi.

Icyitonderwa: Isuzuma rya IP ryonyine ntirihamya ubushobozi bwo kwirinda guturika. Buri gihe genzura icyemezo cya ATEX cyangwa IECEx cyerekana ko akarere kagize ibyago gakurikiza amategeko.

Mu gusobanukirwa amanota ya IP n'uruhare rwayo mu kurengera ibidukikije, inganda zishobora gufata ibyemezo bifatika mu guhitamo amatara yo mu mutwe ashobora kongera gukoreshwa. Ibi bishimangira umutekano w'abakozi n'uburyo ibikoresho byabo byizewe mu bihe bikomeye by'impanuka.

Guhitamo itara ry'imbere rishobora kongera gusharijwa

Guhuza Ibiranga Amatara yo mu Mutwe n'Ibyiciro by'Agace Gafite Akaga

Guhitamo itara ry'imbere rikwiye rishobora kongera gukoreshwa bitangirana no gusobanukirwa nezagushyira mu byiciro uturere dufite ibyagoaho izakoreshwa. Buri gace—Agace ka 0, Agace ka 1, cyangwa Agace ka 2—gasaba ibikoresho bifite imiterere yihariye y’umutekano kugira ngo bigabanye ibyago. Urugero, ibidukikije bya Agace ka 0 bisaba amatara yo mu mutwe afite imiterere yo hejuru cyane idaturika, kuko ikirere giturika gihora kihari. Mu buryo bunyuranye, amatara yo mu gace ka 2 ashobora gushyira imbere kuramba no kurengera ibidukikije, kuko ibyago byo guturika bidakunze kubaho.

Isesengura rigereranya amatara yo mu mutwe ashobora kongera gukoreshwa n'ayo mu buryo bwa bateri rishobora kuyobora mu gufata ibyemezo:

Iyi mbonerahamwe igaragaza uburyo ibikenewe mu mikorere n'imiterere y'ibidukikije bigira ingaruka ku guhitamo imiterere y'amatara yo mu mutwe.

Gusuzuma icyemezo cya ATEX/IECEx no kubahiriza amategeko

Icyemezo cya ATEX/IECEx gikora uruhare runini mu kurinda umutekano w'amatara yo mu mutwe ashobora kongera gukoreshwa mu turere twangiza. Ibi byemezo byemeza ko ibikoresho byakorewe isuzuma ryigenga kugira ngo byuzuze amahame agenga umutekano. Urugero, amabwiriza ya ATEX agaragaza ibisabwa ku buzima n'umutekano ku bicuruzwa bikoreshwa mu kirere giturika. Kubahiriza aya mahame ntibyongera umutekano gusa ahubwo binatanga igitekerezo cyo gukurikiza amategeko, bikoroshya inzira zo kwemeza amategeko.

Ku nganda zikorera mu turere dufite ibyago, guhitamo amatara yo mu mutwe afite icyemezo cya ATEX/IECEx bitanga icyizere ko ibikoresho bidateza ibindi bibazo. Iki cyemezo ni ingenzi cyane cyane mu bidukikije nk'inganda zikora imiti cyangwa inganda zitunganya peteroli, aho n'ibintu bito bishobora gutera ibyago bikomeye.

Ibigomba kwitabwaho mu buryo bwihariye mu ikoreshwa (Umucyo, Igihe cyo gukora, nibindi)

Ibisabwa mu mikorere y'agace kateje akaga akenshi bigena imiterere yihariye ikenewe mu itara ry'imbere rishobora kongera gukoreshwa. Urugero, urugero rw'urumuri rugomba kugira uburinganire hagati yo gutanga urumuri ruhagije no kwirinda urumuri rushobora kwangiza ubwiza bw'amatara. Igihe cyo gukora ni ikindi kintu cy'ingenzi, cyane cyane ku bakozi bari ahantu kure cyangwa mu gihe cy'akazi kenshi. Amatara yo hejuru afite imiterere y'urumuri ihindagurika na bateri zimara igihe kirekire atanga ubworoherane n'ukwizera gukomeye.

Inyigo zerekana ko amatara y’imbere y’umuturirwa yahindutse kugira ngo ahuze n’ibyo bisabwa. Urugero, kuva ku mahame ya MIL-STD-810F kugera kuri MIL-STD-810G byazamuye kuramba n’umutekano mu bikorwa by’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro. Aya mavugurura yizeza ko amatara y’imbere y’umuturirwa akora neza ahantu hatandukanye hateje akaga, akarinda abakozi mu bihe bikomeye by’ikirere.

Inama: Mu gihe uhitamo itara ryo mu mutwe, shyira imbere ibintu bihuye n'inshingano zihariye n'ibibazo by'ibidukikije byo mu gace gashobora guteza akaga.

Imiterere ijyanye n'imikorere y'ikoranabuhanga kandi yoroshye kuyikoresha

Amatara yo mu mutwe ashobora kongera gukoreshwa mu bice biteje akaga agomba gushyira imbere imiterere y’imikorere y’imodoka no korohereza abayikoresha kugira ngo umutekano w’abakozi n’imikorere yabo irusheho kuba myiza. Ibikoresho bidakozwe neza bishobora gutuma habaho umunaniro, kugabanuka k’umusaruro, no kwiyongera kw’ibyago byo gukora amakosa. Abakora ibikoresho bakemura ibi bibazo bakoresheje ibintu byongera ihumure, ubushobozi bwo gukoresha neza no gukora neza.

Ibintu by'ingenzi bigomba kwitabwaho mu bijyanye no kugabanya umuvuduko w'umubiri binyuze mu miterere yoroheje kandi mito. Abakozi bakunze kwambara amatara yo mu mutwe igihe kirekire, bigatuma ubwinshi bw'ibiro burushaho kuba ingenzi. Imikandara ihindurwa yemerera abakoresha guhindura uko bakwitwara, bigatuma barushaho kumererwa neza mu ngano zitandukanye z'imitwe n'ingofero. Gukoresha nta ntoki birushaho kongera ubushobozi bwo gukoresha, bigatuma abakozi bibanda ku mirimo badahungabanywa.

Ibintu byinshi byo gukoresha neza bituma abakoresha barushaho kugira ubunararibonye muri rusange:

• Igenzura ry’amakuru rituma ibintu birushaho kuba byiza, rigabanye amahirwe yo gukora amakosa mu duce dufite umuvuduko mwinshi.
• Igenamiterere rishobora guhindurwa ritanga ubushobozi bwo koroshya ibintu, rituma abakoresha bashobora guhindura urwego rw'urumuri bitewe n'imirimo runaka cyangwa imiterere y'urumuri.
• Bateri iramba ituma ikora neza mu gihe cy'amasaha maremare, cyane cyane ahantu kure.

Uburyo abakoresha bakoresha ibikoresho nabyo bigira ingaruka ku mikorere yabyo. Amabwiriza asobanutse neza n'amatara yoroshye gusoma bituma amatara yo mu mutwe aboneka neza, ndetse no ku bayakoresha bwa mbere. Ibi bintu ntibituma umutekano urushaho kwiyongera gusa ahubwo binatuma umusaruro urushaho kwiyongera bitewe no kutagira icyo ukora bitewe no kwitiranya cyangwa gukoresha nabi.

Inyigo zijyanye n’imikorere y’ibikoresho zemeza aya mahame y’imiterere y’ibikoresho. Zigaragaza akamaro ko kugabanya imiruho ​​ikabije, kunoza uburemere n’ingano yabyo, no kwemeza ko bikoreshwa mu buryo bworoshye. Mu guhuza ibi bintu, abakora ibikoresho bakora amatara y’imbere y’imodoka yujuje ibisabwa mu turere dufite akaga mu gihe bashyira imbere imibereho myiza y’abakozi.

Inama: Mu gihe uhitamo itara ryo mu mutwe, tekereza ku bikoresho bifite imigozi ishobora guhindurwa, imiterere yoroheje, n'uburyo bwo kugenzura bugezweho. Ibi bintu byongera ihumure n'ubushobozi bwo gukoresha, bigatuma habaho imikorere yizewe mu bihe bigoye.

Kubungabunga no Gukora Imyitozo Ngombwa

Amabwiriza ahoraho yo kugenzura no gupima

Gusuzuma no gusuzuma amatara yo mu mutwe ashobora kongera gukoreshwa ni ingenzi kugira ngo amenye neza ko ari ingenzi mu bice biteje akaga. Abakozi bagomba gusuzuma agasanduku k'amatara kugira ngo barebe ko hari imivuniko cyangwa ibimenyetso byo kwangirika bishobora kwangiza imiterere yayo idaturika. Ibice by'amabati bigomba kuguma bifunze kandi bidafite ingese kugira ngo hirindwe ko hashobora kubaho impanuka.Kugerageza urumuri rusohokaMbere yo gukoresha buri kimwe cyose, bitanga umusaruro uhoraho kandi bigagaragaza ibibazo byose bijyanye n'urumuri cyangwa imiterere y'urumuri.

Imiryango igomba gushyiraho ingengabihe yoisuzuma rya buri gihemu gihe cy’akazi gakozwe mu buryo bwa "gapfobya". Ubu buryo bufasha kwemeza ko itara ry’imbere ryujuje ibisabwa mu by’umutekano kandi rikora neza mu bihe bifatika. Kwandika ibyavuye mu igenzura bituma amatsinda akurikirana imiterere y’ibikoresho byangiritse no gukemura ibibazo bigaruka mu buryo bwihuse.

Inama: Guha abakozi bahuguwe inshingano zo kugenzura bituma habaho isuzuma ryimbitse kandi bigabanya ibyago byo kugenzura.

Amabwiriza yo gusukura no kubika

Gusukura no kubika neza byongera igihe cyo kumara amatara ashobora kongera gukoreshwa mu gihe bibungabunga umutekano wayo. Mbere yo gusukura, abakoresha bagomba kuzimya igikoresho no gukuraho bateri kugira ngo birinde ibyago by'amashanyarazi. Igitambaro cyoroshye n'isabune yoroheje bikuraho neza umwanda n'imyanda mu gasanduku. Ibikoresho bya bateri n'udupfundikizo bigomba kugenzurwa mu gihe cyo gusukura kugira ngo bikomeze kuba byiza kandi bikore neza.

Uburyo bwo kubika bigira uruhare runini mu kubungabunga ubuziranenge bw'itara ry'imbere. Ibikoresho bigomba kubikwa ahantu hakonje kandi humutse kure y'izuba ryinshi cyangwa ubushyuhe bukabije. Gukoresha ibikoresho birinda kwangirika mu gihe cyo kubika cyangwa gutwara.

Icyitonderwa: Irinde gukoresha imiti ikaze cyangwa ibikoresho byo gukaraba mu gihe cyo gusukura, kuko bishobora kwangiza irangi ry’imbere ry’amatara.

Kwita ku bateri no kuyihindura

Kubungabunga bateri z'amatara yo mu mutwe ashobora kongera gukoreshwa ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo imikorere ihamye mu bidukikije biteje akaga. Abakoresha bagomba kwishingikiriza ku masharubu yemewe n'uruganda kugira ngo birinde gushyuha cyane cyangwa gushyuha cyane. Bateri ntizigomba kwemererwa gusohora burundu, kuko bishobora kugabanya igihe cyo kubaho kwazo muri rusange. Kubika bateri ahantu hakonje kandi humutse bigabanya ibyago byo kwangirika k'ubushyuhe.

Ubushobozi bwo gusimbuza bateri byoroshye kongera ubwizerwe bw'amatara yo mu mutwe. Urugero, itara ryo mu mutwe rya Nightcore HA23UHE ryemerera abakoresha gusimbuza bateri za AAA nta ngorane. Iyi mikorere ituma habaho imikorere idahinduka mu gihe cy'amasaha maremare cyangwa imirimo yo hanze, bigabanura impungenge ku buzima bwa bateri no kongera gusharija.

Inama: Suzuma buri gihe bateri kugira ngo urebe ibimenyetso byo kubyimba cyangwa kuva amazi hanyuma uzisimbuze ako kanya kugira ngo wirinde ibyago bishobora kubaho.

Mu gukurikiza ubu buryo bwiza, inganda zishobora kongera umutekano, icyizere, no kuramba kw'amatara yo mu bwoko bwa "headlamps" ashobora kongera gukoreshwa mu bice biteje akaga.

Amahugurwa ku ikoreshwa ry’ibintu mu buryo bwizewe no kubahiriza amategeko

Amahugurwa akwiye atuma abakozi bakoresha amatara yo mu mutwe ashobora kongera gukoreshwa mu buryo bwizewe kandi akubahiriza amahame ngenderwaho y’umutekano ku isi. Imiryango ikorera mu turere dufite akaga igomba gushyira imbere uburezi kugira ngo igabanye ibyago kandi yongere imikorere myiza.

Ibice by'ingenzi bya gahunda z'amahugurwa

Gahunda z'amahugurwa zikora neza zigomba kwita ku ngingo zikurikira:

• Gusobanukirwa uturere dufite akagaAbakozi bagomba kwiga gushyira mu byiciro uturere dufite ibyago (Agace ka 0, Agace ka 1, Agace ka 2) n'ingaruka zijyanye na buri gace.
• Kumenyera ibikoresho: Amahugurwa agomba kuba arimo ibiganiro byo kwimenyereza abakozi kugira ngo bamenye imiterere y'amatara yo mu mutwe, harimo imiterere y'urumuri, gusimbuza bateri, n'amanota ya IP.
• Amabwiriza agenga umutekano: Abakozi bagomba gusobanukirwa uburyo bwo kugenzura, gusukura no kubika amatara yo mu mutwe kugira ngo imiterere yayo ikomeze guturika.

Inama: Shyiramo ibikoresho by'amashusho n'ibyerekanwa bifasha abantu kugira ngo bongere uburyo bwo kwibuka no kwita ku bandi mu gihe cy'amahugurwa.

Ibyiza byo gukora imyitozo ihoraho

Gahunda z'amahugurwa zitanga ibyiza byinshi:

1. Umutekano Ukomeje: Abakozi bungukira ubumenyi bwo kumenya ibyago bishobora kubaho no gukoresha ibikoresho neza.
2. Igenzura ry'iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko: Amahugurwa akwiye atuma habaho kubahiriza amahame ya ATEX/IECEx, bigabanya ibyago byo kutubahiriza amategeko.
3. Ubushobozi bwo gukora neza: Abakozi bize bashobora gukemura ibibazo bito, bakagabanya igihe cyo kuruhuka n'amafaranga yo kubungabunga.

Uburyo bwo Gutanga Amahugurwa

Imiryango ishobora gukoresha uburyo butandukanye bwo gutanga amahugurwa:

• Amahugurwa yo ku rubuga: Amasomo akorerwa mu turere dufite akaga atanga ubunararibonye bufatika.
• Amasomo yo kwigira kuri interinetiAmasomo yo kuri interineti atanga ubushobozi bwo koroshya no kwaguka ku makipe manini.
• Porogaramu zo kwemeza: Gukorana n'inzego z'inganda bituma abakozi babona amahugurwa yemewe ajyanye n'amahame mpuzamahanga.

IcyitonderwaAmasomo yo kwisubiramo ahoraho afasha abakozi guhora bamenyeshwa ibijyanye n'amahame agenga umutekano n'iterambere ry'ibikoresho.

Urugero rw'inganda

Mu rwego rwa peteroli na gaze, ikigo cyashyizeho amahugurwa ya buri gihembwe yibanda ku bikoresho byemewe na ATEX. Iyi gahunda yagabanyije 35% by’ibibazo bijyanye n’ibikoresho kandi yongera icyizere cy’abakozi mu guhangana n’ibibazo by’uturere dufite akaga.

Mu gushora imari muri gahunda z’amahugurwa yuzuye, imiryango ishobora kwemeza ko ikoreshwa neza kandi ikubahirizwa mu buryo butekanye, ikarinda abakozi n’ibikoresho ahantu hashobora guteza akaga gakomeye.

Amabwiriza mpuzamahanga y’umutekano ku matara yo mu bwoko bwa "headlamps" ashobora kongera gukoreshwa mu turere twangiza ibidukikije afite uruhare runini mu kurinda abakozi no kugenzura ko imikorere yabo ikora neza. Impamyabushobozi nka ATEX na IECEx zemeza ko ibikoresho byujuje ibisabwa bikomeye mu mutekano, bigabanya ibyago mu turere dushobora guteza akaga.

Icyibutsa: Guhitamo amatara yo mu mutwe afite ibyangombwa bikwiye no kuyabungabunga binyuze mu igenzura rihoraho bitanga icyizere cy’igihe kirekire kandi bikubahirizwa.

Mu gushyira imbere umutekano no kubahiriza aya mahame, inganda zishobora gushyiraho ahantu ho gukorera hatekanye mu gihe cyo kongera umusaruro no kugabanya ibyago bishobora kubaho.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati y’impamyabumenyi za ATEX na IECEx?

Icyemezo cya ATEX gikoreshwa by’umwihariko mu Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi, mu gihe IECEx itanga uburyo bwemewe ku isi bwose bwo kwirinda ibisasu mu kirere. Byombi byemeza ko ibikoresho byujuje ibisabwa mu mutekano, ariko IECEx yorohereza ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga binyuze mu guhuza ibisabwa mu turere twose.

Amatara yo mu mutwe ashobora kongera gukoreshwa agomba gusuzumwa kangahe?

Amatara yo mu mutwe ashobora kongera gukoreshwa agomba kugenzurwa mbere yo kuyakoresha no kuyasuzuma buri gihe mu gihe cy'akazi gakozwe mu buryo bwa "gaming". Igenzura rihoraho rireba ko igikoresho gikomeza kubahiriza amahame y'umutekano kandi ko gikora neza mu bice biteje akaga.

Ese itara ryo mu mutwe rifite amanota ya IP67 rishobora gukoreshwa muri Zone 0?

Oya, igipimo cya IP67 kigaragaza gusa uburinzi ku mukungugu n'amazi. Uturere twa Zone 0 dukenera amatara yo mu mutwe afite icyemezo cya ATEX cyangwa IECEx kugira ngo habeho ubushobozi bwo kwirinda guturika mu bice bifite ikirere gikomeza guturika.

Kuki icyemezo cya UL ari ingenzi ku matara yo mu mutwe ashobora kongera gukoreshwa?

Icyemezo cya UL gihamya umutekano n'ubwizerwe bwa bateri za lithium-ion zikoreshwa mu matara yo mu mutwe. Kigenzura ko bateri zishobora kwihanganira imimerere ikabije, kikarinda ibyago nko gushyuha cyane cyangwa imiyoboro migufi mu bice biteje akaga.

Ni ibihe bintu abakozi bagomba gushyira imbere mu guhitamo itara ryo mu mutwe?

Abakozi bagomba gushyira imbere icyemezo cyo kwirinda guturika (ATEX/IECEx), urwego rw'urumuri rukwiye, igihe kirekire bateri imara, hamwe n'imiterere y'imikorere. Ibi bintu bitanga umutekano, ihumure, kandi byizewe mu bidukikije biteje akaga.

Inama: Buri gihe huza imiterere y'itara ry'imbere n'ishyirwa mu byiciro ry'ahantu hashobora guteza akaga kugira ngo ubone umutekano mwiza.