Gukora amatara yo hanze: Ibisobanuro bya tekiniki n'isuzuma ry'imikorere

Ibirango byo hanze bishyira imbere ibipimo bya tekiniki n'isuzuma rikomeye ry'imikorere. Uku kwitabwaho cyane bishimangira ko ibicuruzwa byizewe kandi umutekano w'ababikoresha ari wose. Iyi nyandiko ya blog iyobora ibirango byo hanze mu nzira z'ingenzi zo gukora amatara yo mu mutwe meza. Gukurikiza aya mahame ni ingenzi. Bitanga ibicuruzwa byizewe ku bidukikije byo hanze bigoye.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Gukora amatara yo mu mutweakeneye amategeko akomeye ya tekiniki. Aya mategeko atuma amatara yo mu mutwe akora neza kandi agatuma abayakoresha bakomeza kugira umutekano.
• Ibintu by'ingenzi nko kugira urumuri, igihe bateri imara, no kurinda amazi ni ingenzi cyane. Bifasha amatara yo hanze gukora ahantu hagoye.
• Gupima amatara yo mu mutwe mu buryo butandukanye ni ngombwa. Ibi birimo kugenzura urumuri, batiri, n'uburyo ahangana n'ikirere kibi.
• Imiterere myiza ituma amatara yo mu mutwe yoroha kandi yoroshye kuyakoresha. Ibi bifasha abantu kuyakoresha igihe kirekire nta kibazo.
• Gukurikiza amategeko y’umutekano no gupima bifasha ibigo kubaka icyizere. Binatuma amatara yo mu mutwe aba meza kandi yizewe.

Ibisobanuro by'ingenzi bya tekiniki mu gukora amatara yo hanze

Ibirango byo hanze bigomba gushyiraho amabwiriza ahamye ya tekiniki mu gihe cyo gukora amatara yo mu mutwe. Ayo mahame ni yo shingiro ry'imikorere y'ibicuruzwa, kwizerwa no kunyurwa n'ababikoresha. Gukurikiza aya mahame bituma amatara yo mu mutwe yuzura ibisabwa bikomeye mu bidukikije byo hanze.

Ibipimo by'intera y'umuyoboro wa Lumen n'imirasire

Ingano y'umuvuduko w'urumuri n'intera y'urumuri ni ibipimo by'ingenzi ku matara yo mu mutwe. Bigira ingaruka ku bushobozi bw'umukoresha bwo kubona no kugenda mu bihe bitandukanye. Ku bakozi b'i Burayi, amatara yo mu mutwe agomba kubahiriza amahame ya EN ISO 12312-2. Uku kubahiriza amategeko bitanga umutekano n'urwego rw'urumuri rukwiye kugira ngo umuntu akoreshwe mu mwuga. Imyuga itandukanye isaba urwego rwihariye rw'urumuri kugira ngo ikore imirimo neza.

ANSI FL1 Standard itanga ibimenyetso bihoraho kandi bibonerana ku bakoresha. Iyi standard isobanura lumens nk'igipimo cy'urumuri rwose rusohoka. Isobanura kandi intera y'imirasire nk'intera ntarengwa imurikirwa kugeza kuri 0.25 lux, ingana n'urumuri rwuzuye rw'ukwezi. Intera ikoreshwa mu buryo bufatika akenshi ipima kimwe cya kabiri cy'igipimo cya FL1 cyavuzwe.

Abakora bakoresha uburyo butandukanye bwo gupima no kugenzura intera y'urumuri rw'amatara yo mu mutwe n'intera y'urumuri. Ubu buryo butuma habaho ubwiza n'ubudahinduka.

• Sisitemu zo gupima zishingiye ku mashusho zifata urumuri n'ubukana bw'urumuri. Zishyira imirasire y'amatara ku rukuta cyangwa ku ikirahuri cya Lambertian.
• Porogaramu ya PM-HL, ihujwe na ProMetric Imaging Photometers na Colorimeters, yemerera gupima vuba ingingo zose z'igishushanyo cy'urumuri rw'imbere. Ubu buryo bukunze gufata amasegonda gusa.
• Porogaramu ya PM-HL irimo ibintu by’ingenzi (POI) byashyizweho ku bipimo by’ingenzi by’inganda. Ibi bipimo birimo ECE R20, ECE R112, ECE R123, na FMVSS 108, bigena amanota yihariye yo gupima.
• Ibikoresho bya Road Illumination na Gradient POI ni bimwe mu bikoresho biri muri paki ya PM-HL. Bitanga isuzuma ryuzuye ry'amatara yo mu mutwe.
• Mu mateka, uburyo busanzwe bwakoreshaga icyuma gipima urumuri gikoreshwa mu ntoki. Abatekinisiye bapimye buri gace ku rukuta aho imirabyo y'amatara yaturukaga.

Sisitemu yo gucunga Ubuzima bwa Bateri n'Ingufu

Igihe bateri imara ni ingenzi cyane ku matara yo hanze. Abakoresha bakoresha ingufu zihoraho mu gihe kirekire. Uko urumuri rugaragara ku itara, ni ko igihe bateri imara kiba gito. Igihe bateri imara giterwa n'uburyo butandukanye, nko mu gihe gito, mu gihe kiri hagati, mu gihe cyo hejuru, cyangwa mu gihe cyo gushyushya. Abakoresha bagomba gusuzuma amabwiriza y'igihe cyo gutwika kugira ngo babone umusaruro utandukanye w'urumuri. Ibi bibafasha guhitamo itara rikora neza mu buryo basabwa.

Sisitemu zikoresha ingufu neza zongerera igihe bateri y'amatara yo mu mutwe. Izi sisitemu zinoza ikoreshwa ry'ingufu kandi zigatanga imikorere ihamye.

• Sunoptic LX2 ifite bateri nziza cyane kandi zifite voltage nke. Itanga amasaha 3 yo gukora ku buryo buhoraho hamwe na bateri zisanzwe. Ibi bikuba kabiri kugeza ku masaha 6 hamwe na bateri zimara igihe kirekire.
• Ihinduranya ry'ibisohoka rituma abakoresha bashobora gushyiraho ibisohoka bitandukanye by'urumuri. Ibi byongera ubuzima bwa bateri mu buryo butaziguye. Urugero, 50% by'ibisohoka bishobora gukuba kabiri ubuzima bwa bateri kuva ku masaha 3 kugeza ku masaha 6, cyangwa amasaha 4 kugeza ku masaha 8.

Fenix ​​HM75R ikoresha 'Power Xtend System'. Iyi sisitemu ihuza banki y'amashanyarazi yo hanze na bateri isanzwe ya 18650 iri mu itara ry'imbere. Ibi byongera igihe cyo gukora ugereranije n'amatara yo hejuru akoresha bateri imwe gusa. Banki y'amashanyarazi ishobora no gusharija ibindi bikoresho.

Ubudahangarwa bw'amazi n'umukungugu (Isuzuma rya IP)

Ubudahangarwa bw'amazi n'umukungugu ni ingenzi ku matara yo hanze. Isuzuma ry'uburyo igikoresho gikingira ibidukikije (IP) rigaragaza ubushobozi bwacyo bwo kwihanganira ibintu bidukikije. Aya masuzuma ni ingenzi cyane ku buryo ibicuruzwa biramba kandi bikagira umutekano mu gihe cy'ibibazo.

Abakora bakoresha uburyo bwihariye bwo gupima kugira ngo bemeze amanota ya IP y'amatara yo mu mutwe. Ibi bizamini byemeza ko ibicuruzwa byujuje urwego rwabyo rwo kwirinda.

• Isuzuma rya IPX4bikubiyemo gushyira ibikoresho ku mazi aturuka impande zose mu gihe runaka. Ibi bigaragaza imiterere y'imvura.
• Isuzuma rya IPX6bisaba ibikoresho bifasha kwihanganira imiyoboro y'amazi ikomeye iterwa mu mfuruka runaka.
• Isuzuma rya IPX7binjiza ibikoresho mu mazi kugeza kuri metero 1 y'ubujyakuzimu mu gihe cy'iminota 30. Ibi bigenzura niba hari aho amazi yamenetse.

Uburyo burambuye butuma habaho kwemeza neza amanota ya IP:

1. Gutegura ingero: Abatekinisiye bashyira igikoresho munsi y'igeragezwa (DUT) ku gikoresho cyo kuzunguruka mu cyerekezo cyacyo cyagenewe. Imbuga zose zo hanze n'ibifuniko byacyo bishyirwaho uko byagenda mu gihe gisanzwe.
2. Gupima Sisitemu: Mbere yo gupima, ibipimo by'ingenzi bigomba kwemezwa. Ibi birimo igipimo cy'umuvuduko, ubushyuhe bw'amazi ku muyoboro w'amazi, n'umuvuduko nyawo w'amazi. Intera kuva ku muyoboro ujya kuri DUT igomba kuba hagati ya mm 100 na mm 150.
3. Porogaramu y'igerageza: Urutonde rw'ibizamini byifuzwa rushyirwaho gahunda. Ibi bikunze kuba birimo ibice bine bihuye n'inguni za spray (0°, 30°, 60°, 90°). Buri gice kimara amasegonda 30 aho turntable izenguruka kuri 5 rpm.
4. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'ikizamini: Urugi rw'icyumba rurafungwa, maze inzira yikora iratangira. Ishyiramo umuvuduko ikanashyushya amazi mbere yo kuyatera mu buryo bukurikiranye hakurikijwe imiterere yateguwe.
5. Isesengura ry'ibizamini nyuma yo gupimwa: Nyuma yo kurangiza, abatekinisiye bakuraho DUT kugira ngo barebe niba amazi yinjira. Bakora kandi ibizamini by'imikorere. Ibi bishobora kuba birimo ibizamini by'imbaraga za dielectric, ibipimo by'ubudahangarwa bw'ubushyuhe, no kugenzura imikorere y'ibice by'amashanyarazi.

Ubudahangarwa bw'Ingaruka n'Uburambe bw'Ibikoresho

Amatara yo hanze agomba kwihanganira stress ikomeye. Kubwibyo, kurwanya ingaruka no kuramba kw'ibikoresho ni ingenzi cyane. Abakora bahitamo ibikoresho bitewe n'ubushobozi bwabo bwo kwihanganira kugwa, gucikagurika, n'ibidukikije bikomeye. Ibikoresho byiza kandi birwanya ingaruka nka pulasitiki ya ABS na aluminiyumu yo mu ndege bikunze kugaragara mu dusanduku tw'amatara yo hanze. Ibi bikoresho ni ingenzi cyane ku matara yo hanze afite umutekano mu mubiri akorera ahantu habi cyane. Bituma imikorere y'amatara yo hanze idahungabana.

Kugira ngo habeho guhangana n’ingaruka mbi, ibikoresho nka aluminiyumu yo mu rwego rw’indege na polycarbonate iramba birasabwa cyane. Ibi bikoresho birwanya ingaruka mbi neza. Birinda ibice by’imbere kwangirika mu gihe cyo hanze, kugwa ku bw’impanuka, cyangwa ingaruka zitunguranye. Ibi bituma byizewe gukoreshwa mu buryo bukomeye. Urugero, polycarbonate itanga imbaraga n’ubudahangarwa bidasanzwe. Irwanya ingaruka mbi neza. Abakora bashobora kandi gukora polycarbonate kugira ngo ihangane n’imiraba y’urumuri rwa UV. Ibi bituma ikora neza kandi isobanutse neza mu bidukikije byo hanze. Ikoreshwa ryayo mu matara y’imodoka rigaragaza ubushobozi bwayo bwo kwihanganira ingaruka mbi.

Abakora bakoresha amabwiriza akomeye yo gupima kugira ngo barebe niba ingaruka zidashobora kugerwaho. 'Igipimo cy'ingaruka z'umupira w'amatara' gisuzuma ubukomere bw'ibikoresho. Ubu buryo burimo kujugunya umupira uremereye uvuye ku burebure bwagenwe ukajya ku rugero rw'ibikoresho. Ingufu zinyurwa n'icyitegererezo iyo impanuka zibaye zigena ubushobozi bwawo bwo guhangana n'ivunika cyangwa guhindagurika. Iki kizamini kiba mu bidukikije bigenzurwa. Bituma habaho itandukaniro mu bipimo byo gupima nk'uburemere bw'umupira cyangwa uburebure bwo gumanuka kugira ngo huzuze ibisabwa byihariye mu nganda. Indi porotokoli isanzwe ni 'Igipimo cy'imvura y'amatara y'ubuntu', ivugwa muri MIL-STD-810G. Iyi porotokoli irimo kujugunya ibicuruzwa inshuro nyinshi uvuye ku burebure runaka, urugero, inshuro 26 uvuye kuri cm 122. Ibi byemeza ko bihangana n'ingaruka zikomeye nta kwangirika. Byongeye kandi, amahame ya IEC 60068-2-31/ASTM D4169 akoreshwa kuri 'Igipimo cy'imvura y'amatara'. Aya mahame asuzuma ubushobozi bw'igikoresho bwo kwihanganira kugwa ku bw'impanuka. Isuzuma nk'iryo rirambuye mu gukora amatara yo mu mutwe ryemeza ko ibicuruzwa bikomera.

Uburemere, Ergonomike, n'uburyo abakoresha bamererwa neza

Amatara yo mu mutwe akunze gukoreshwa igihe kirekire mu bihe bigoye. Kubwibyo, uburemere, imiterere y'imikorere, n'uburyo abayakoresha bamererwa neza ni ibintu by'ingenzi mu miterere. Amatara yo mu mutwe yakozwe neza agabanya umunaniro n'ibirangaza abayakoresha.

Amahame y’imiterere y’ikoranabuhanga yongera cyane uburyohe bw’abakoresha:

• Igishushanyo mbonera cyoroheje kandi kiringaniyeIbi bigabanya umunaniro mu ijosi no kunanirwa. Abakoresha bashobora kwibanda ku mirimo badahangayikishijwe.
• Imigozi ishobora guhindurwa: Ibi byemeza ko bikwiranye neza kandi neza n'ingano n'imiterere bitandukanye by'umutwe.
• Igenzura ry'ubushishozi: Ibi byoroshya akazi, ndetse no kwambara uturindantoki. Bigabanya igihe cyo kubikora.
• Guhindura Isura: Ibi bituma urumuri rureba neza. Bituma umuntu abona neza kandi bigabanya gukenera kugenda nabi mu mutwe.
• Igenamiterere ry'Ubwiza Bushobora Guhindurwa: Ibi bitanga urumuri rukwiye ku mirimo itandukanye n'ahantu hatandukanye. Birinda ko amaso ababara.
• Ubuzima bwa bateri burambye: Ibi bigabanya kubura aho bihurira n'impinduka za bateri. Bikomeza gutuma ihumure kandi igakomeza kwibanda.
• Inguni z'umurabyo wagutse: Ibi bimurikira neza ahantu ho gukorera. Bituma umuntu abona neza muri rusange kandi bigabanya gukenera guhindurirwa umutwe kenshi.

Ibi bintu bishushanya bikora hamwe. Bikora itara ry'imbere rimeze nk'aho ari ryo ryongereye umukoresha. Ibi bituma ashobora gukoreshwa igihe kirekire kandi neza mu bikorwa byo hanze.

Uburyo bw'urumuri, Ibiranga, n'igishushanyo mbonera cy'ikoreshwa ry'umukoresha

Amatara yo hanze agezweho atanga uburyo butandukanye bw'urumuri n'imikorere igezweho. Aya matara ajyanye n'ibyo umukoresha akeneye n'ibidukikije bitandukanye. Uburyo bwiza bwo gukoresha (UI) butuma abakoresha bashobora kubona no kugenzura ibyo bikorwa byoroshye.

Uburyo busanzwe bw'urumuri burimo:

• Hejuru, Hagati, Hasi: Ibi bitanga urwego rutandukanye rw'urumuri ku mirimo itandukanye.
• Igikoresho cyo gushushanya/Itara: Ubu buryo ni ingirakamaro mu gutanga ibimenyetso cyangwa mu bihe byihutirwa.
• Itara ritukura: Ibi bizigama amaso y'ijoro kandi ntibibangamira abandi cyane. Ni byiza cyane mu kureba inyenyeri cyangwa kugendagenda mu nkambi.
• Amatara atuma habaho imikorere: Ibi bihindura ubwiza mu buryo bwikora hashingiwe ku rumuri rwo mu kirere. Binoza igihe bateri ikoresha kandi bikorohereza abayikoresha.
• Amatara ahoraho: Ibi bigumana urwego rw'urumuri ruhoraho nubwo bateri yaba ifunguye.
• Amatara Agenzurwa: Ibi bitanga urumuri ruhoraho kugeza igihe bateri igiye kurangira. Hanyuma bihita bihinduka bigashyirwa ku igenamiterere ryo hasi.
• Amatara Atagira Imiterere: Umucyo ugenda ugabanuka buhoro buhoro uko bateri igenda ishira.

Imiterere y'ishusho ry'umukoresha igena uburyo abakoresha bakoresha ubu buryo byoroshye. Utubuto tw'ubwenge n'ibimenyetso by'uburyo bisobanutse ni ingenzi. Abakoresha bakunze gukoresha amatara yo mu mutwe mu mwijima, bakoresheje intoki zikonje, cyangwa bambaye uturindantoki. Kubwibyo, uburyo bwo kugenzura bugomba kuba bukora kandi bukora neza. Uburyo bworoshye kandi bwumvikana bwo kugenda mu buryo burinda gucika intege. Amatara amwe afite imikorere yo gufunga. Ibi birinda gukora ku buryo butunguranye no gusohora bateri mu gihe cyo gutwara. Ibindi bintu bigezweho bishobora kuba birimo ibimenyetso by'urwego rwa bateri, aho gusharija USB-C, cyangwa ndetse n'ubushobozi bwa banki y'amashanyarazi mu gusharija ibindi bikoresho. Imiterere ya UI itekerejweho neza ituma imiterere ikomeye y'amatara yo mu mutwe ihora iboneka kandi yoroshye kuyikoresha.

Amabwiriza y'ingenzi yo gupima imikorere mu gukora amatara yo mu mutwe

Ibigo byo hanze bigomba gushyira mu bikorwa amabwiriza akomeye yo gupima imikorere. Aya masezerano atuma amatara y’imbere yujuje ibisabwa byatangajwe kandi akihanganira imimerere igoye yo gukoreshwa hanze. Gupima byuzuye byemeza ubwiza bw’ibicuruzwa kandi byubaka icyizere cy’abaguzi.

Isuzuma ry'imikorere y'urumuri ruhoraho

Isuzuma ry'imikorere y'amatara ni ingenzi cyane ku matara yo mu mutwe. Ritanga icyizere cy'uko urumuri rusohoka neza kandi rwizewe. Iri suzuma rituma abakoresha babona urumuri nk'uko babyiteze mu bihe bikomeye. Abakora ibizamini bubahiriza amahame mpuzamahanga n'ay'igihugu atandukanye kuri ibi bizamini. Harimo ECE R112, SAE J1383, na FMVSS108. Aya mahame ateganya ko hakorwa isuzuma ry'ibipimo byinshi by'ingenzi.

• Ikwirakwizwa ry'ubukana bw'urumuri ni cyo gipimo cy'ingenzi cyane cya tekiniki.
• Gukomera k'urumuri bituma urumuri ruhoraho uko igihe kigenda gihita.
• Imiterere ya Chromaticity na Color Rendering Index bipima ubwiza bw'urumuri n'ubuziranenge bw'amabara.
• Voltage, Ingufu, n'urumuri bipima imikorere y'amashanyarazi n'urumuri rwose rusohoka.

Ibikoresho byihariye bikora ibi bipimo neza. Sisitemu ya LPCE-2 High Precision Spectroradiometer Integrating Sphere ipima ibipimo bya fotometrike, colorimetric, n'amashanyarazi. Ibi birimo Voltage, Ingufu, luminous flux, Chromaticity Coordinates, na Color Rendering Index. Yujuje ibisabwa nka CIE127-1997 na IES LM-79-08. Ikindi gikoresho cy'ingenzi ni LSG-1950 Goniophotometer yo gukoresha amatara y'imodoka n'ibimenyetso. Iyi CIE A-α goniophotometer ipima ubukana bw'urumuri n'urumuri rw'amatara mu nganda zitwara abantu n'ibintu, harimo n'amatara y'imodoka. Ikora izunguruka icyitegererezo mu gihe umutwe wa fotometrike uguma udahindagurika.

Kugira ngo hagerwe ku buhanga budasanzwe mu guhuza imirasire y'amatara, urwego rwa laser rugira akamaro. Rutanga umurongo ugororotse kandi ugaragara ufasha mu gupima no guhuza imirasire neza. Imirasire ya analogue na digitale ikoreshwa mu gupima neza urumuri rw'amatara n'imiterere y'imirasire. Imirasire ya analogue, nka SEG IV, yerekana uburyo busanzwe bwo gukwirakwiza urumuri rw'imirasire y'amatara n'iy'ingenzi. Imirasire ya digitale, nka SEG V, itanga uburyo bwo gupima bugenzurwa neza binyuze kuri menu y'igikoresho. Berekana ibisubizo byoroshye kuri ecran, bigaragaza ibisubizo byiza byo gupima hamwe n'ibishushanyo mbonera. Kugira ngo hamenyekane neza cyane urumuri rw'amatara n'imiterere y'imirasire, goniometer ni igikoresho cy'ibanze. Kugira ngo hamenyekane neza ariko biracyafite akamaro, hashobora gukoreshwa uburyo bwo gufotora. Ibi bisaba kamera ya DSLR, ubuso bwera (aho urumuri rumurikira), na fotometero yo gufata amashusho y'urumuri.

Igenzura ry'igihe bateri ikora n'amabwiriza agenga ingufu

Kugenzura igihe bateri ikoresha n'uburyo ingufu zikoreshwa ni ingenzi cyane. Bituma amatara yo mu mutwe atanga urumuri rwizewe mu gihe cyagenwe. Abakoresha bashingira ku makuru nyayo y'igihe cyo gukora kugira ngo bategure ibikorwa byo hanze. Hari ibintu byinshi bigira ingaruka ku gihe nyacyo bateri ikoresha.

• Uburyo bw'urumuri bukoreshwa (ntarengwa, hagati, cyangwa ku munota) bugira ingaruka zitaziguye ku gihe.
• Ingano ya batiri igira ingaruka ku bushobozi bwose bw'ingufu.
• Ubushyuhe buri hagati y'ikirere bushobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere ya bateri.
• Umuyaga cyangwa umuvuduko w'umuyaga bigira ingaruka ku buryo itara rikonjeshwa neza, ibyo bikaba byagira ingaruka ku buzima bwa batiri.

Igipimo cya ANSI/NEMA FL-1 gisobanura igihe cyo gukora nk'igihe kugeza igihe urumuri rutanga rugabanutseho 10% by'agaciro karwo k'amasegonda 30. Ariko, iki gipimo ntikigaragaza uko urumuri rwitwara hagati y'izi ngingo ebyiri. Abakora bashobora gushyiraho amatara yo mu mutwe kugira ngo agire urumuri rwinshi rw'ibanze rugabanuka vuba kugira ngo igihe cyamamajwe kirangire. Ibi bishobora kuyobya kandi ntibitange ishusho nyayo y'imikorere nyayo. Kubwibyo, abaguzi bagomba kureba imbonerahamwe ya 'lightcurve' y'ibicuruzwa. Iyi mbonerahamwe igaragaza lumens uko igihe kigenda gihita kandi igatanga uburyo bwonyine bwo gufata icyemezo cy'ukuri ku mikorere y'itara ryo mu mutwe. Iyo lightcurve idatanzwe, abakoresha bagomba kuvugana n'uwakoze kugira ngo bayisabe. Uku kugaragara neza bifasha kwemeza ko itara ryo mu mutwe rihuye n'ibyo abakoresha biteze kugira ngo urumuri rukomeze kuba rwiza.

Isuzuma ry’ingufu zishingiye ku bidukikije ku bijyanye n’indwara zikomeye

Isuzuma ry’ubudahangarwa bw’ibidukikije ni ingenzi ku matara yo mu mutwe. Rigaragaza ubushobozi bwayo bwo kwihanganira ikirere kibi cyo hanze. Iri suzuma rituma ibicuruzwa biramba kandi bikaba byizewe mu bidukikije bikomeye.

• Gupima ubushyuhe: Ibi birimo kubika ubushyuhe bwinshi, kubika ubushyuhe buke, imikorere y'ubushyuhe, n'ibizamini by'ihungabana ry'ubushyuhe. Urugero, ikizamini cyo kubika ubushyuhe bwinshi gishobora gusaba gushyira itara ry'imbere mu kirere ahantu hari ubushyuhe bwa 85°C mu gihe cy'amasaha 48 kugira ngo harebwe niba hari imiterere cyangwa imikorere yangiritse.
• Isuzuma ry'ubushuhe: Ibi bipima ubushuhe n'ubushyuhe buri gihe, ndetse binapima ubushuhe n'ubushyuhe buri gihe. Urugero, isuzuma bushuhe n'ubushyuhe buri gihe risaba gushyira itara ahantu hari ubushyuhe bwa dogere selisiyusi 40 hamwe n'ubushuhe bwa 90% mu gihe cy'amasaha 96 kugira ngo harebwe ubushyuhe n'imikorere y'urumuri.
• Isuzuma ry'ihindagurika ry'imitingito: Amatara yo hejuru ashyirwa ku meza yo gutigita. Ashyirwa ku murongo wihariye, ubwinshi bw'amatara, n'igihe runaka kugira ngo yigane uburyo imodoka zikora. Ibi bisuzuma imiterere y'imiterere y'imodoka kandi bikareba niba ibice by'imbere byangiritse cyangwa byangiritse. Amabwiriza asanzwe yo gupima gutigita arimo SAE J1211 (igenzura ry'ubudahangarwa bw'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi), GM 3172 (ubudahangarwa bw'ibidukikije ku bikoresho by'amashanyarazi), na ISO 16750 (imiterere y'ibidukikije n'isuzuma ry'ibinyabiziga byo mu muhanda).

Isuzuma rya temperature n'isuzuma ry'ibidukikije rihuriweho ritanga ubumenyi ku miterere n'uburyo ibintu byizewe. Abakoresha bashobora guhuza ubushyuhe, ubushuhe, n'uburyo ibintu byizewe mu buryo butunguranye. Bakoresha ibikoresho bya mekanike na electrodynamic kugira ngo bigane uburyo ibintu byizewe mu muhanda cyangwa ingaruka zitunguranye ziturutse mu mwobo. Ibyumba bya AGREE, byahoze ari ibya gisirikare n'iby'indege, ubu byahinduwe hakurikijwe amabwiriza y'inganda z'imodoka. Bakora isuzuma ry'uburyo ibintu byizewe kandi byujuje ibisabwa, bashobora gukora ubushyuhe icyarimwe, ubushuhe, no guhindagura hamwe n'impinduka z'ubushyuhe zigera kuri 30°C ku munota. Amabwiriza mpuzamahanga nka ISO 16750 agaragaza imiterere y'ibidukikije n'uburyo bwo gupima ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi n'iby'ikoranabuhanga mu modoka zo mu muhanda. Ibi birimo ibisabwa mu gupima uburyo ibintu byizewe ku matara y'imodoka hakurikijwe ibintu bifitanye isano n'ibidukikije nk'ubushyuhe, ubushuhe, no guhindagura. Amabwiriza ya ECE R3 na R48 anavuga ku bisabwa mu buryo ibintu byizewe, harimo imbaraga za mekanike no kudahindagura, ingenzi mu gukora amatara yo mu mutwe.

Gupima Imihangayiko ya Mekanike kugira ngo umenye niba umubiri uhagaze neza

Amatara yo mu mutwe agomba kwihanganira ibintu bikomeye bikenerwa mu isanzure. Isuzuma ry’imihangayiko ya tekiniki risuzuma neza ubushobozi bw’itara ryo mu mutwe bwo kwihanganira kugwa, ingaruka, no kunyeganyega. Iri suzuma rituma ibicuruzwa bikomeza gukora neza kandi bikagira umutekano nubwo byakorwa nabi cyangwa bikagwa ku bw’impanuka. Abakora amatara yo mu mutwe bagerageza ibipimo bitandukanye byigana imihangayiko yo mu isi nyayo. Ibi bizamini birimo ibizamini byo kugwa bivuye ku burebure runaka ku buso butandukanye, ibizamini by’ingaruka bifite imbaraga zitandukanye, n’ibizamini byo kunyeganyega byigana uburyo bwo gutwara cyangwa gukoresha igihe kirekire ahantu hatameze neza.

Isuzuma ry’ibidukikije n’iramba: Gusuzuma imikorere mu bihe nk’ubushyuhe, ubushuhe, no guhindagura kwa mashini iyo bikenewe.

Ubu buryo bwuzuye bwo gupima imbaraga za mekanike ni ingenzi cyane. Byemeza imiterere y'itara ry'imbere n'uburambe bw'ibice byaryo. Urugero, ikizamini cyo kugwa gishobora gusaba kujugunya itara ry'imbere inshuro nyinshi kuva ku burebure bwa metero 1 kugeza kuri 2 kuri sima cyangwa ku giti. Iki kizamini kigenzura ko hari imivuniko, imvune, cyangwa ibice by'imbere byacitse. Ikizamini cyo kunyeganyega gikunze gukoresha ibikoresho byihariye kugira ngo gihungize itara ry'imbere ku nshuro zitandukanye n'ubunini butandukanye. Ibi bigaragaza uburyo rihora rihugirana mu rugendo rurerure cyangwa iyo rishyizwe ku ngofero mu gihe cy'ibikorwa nko kugendera ku igare mu misozi. Ibi bizamini bifasha kumenya intege nke mu gishushanyo cyangwa ibikoresho. Bituma abakora ibintu bakora impinduka zikenewe mbere yo gukora byinshi. Ibi byemeza ko ibicuruzwa bya nyuma bishobora kwihanganira ingorane zo mu rugendo rwo hanze.

Ubunararibonye bw'Umukoresha n'Isuzuma ry'Uburinganire mu Kibuga

Uretse ibisobanuro bya tekiniki, imikorere y'itara ry'imbere mu buryo bufatika ishingiye ku bunararibonye bw'umukoresha n'imikorere ye. Gupima mu murima ni ingenzi mu gusuzuma uburyo itara ry'imbere mu rugo riryoshye, risobanutse kandi rifite akamaro mu gihe rikoreshwa. Ubu bwoko bw'igerageza burenga imiterere ya laboratwari. Bushyira amatara y'imbere mu maboko y'abakoresha nyabo mu bidukikije bisa n'aho ibicuruzwa bizakoreshwa. Ibi bitanga ibitekerezo by'ingirakamaro ku miterere, ihumure, n'imikorere.

Uburyo bwiza bwo gukora ibizamini byo mu murima burimo:

• Amahame y'igishushanyo mbonera ashingiye ku muntu: Ubu buryo busaba abakoresha ba nyuma mu gushushanya. Butuma itara ry'imbere rihura n'ibyo bakeneye n'ibyo bakunda.
• Isuzuma ry'uburyo buvanze: Ibi bihuza uburyo bwo gukusanya amakuru y’ibanga n’ay’imibare. Birushaho gusobanukirwa neza ubunararibonye bw’umukoresha n’imiterere ye.
• Ikusanyirizo ry'ibitekerezo bisubirwamo: Ibi bihora bikusanya ibitekerezo mu gihe cyose cyo guteza imbere no kugerageza. Binoza imiterere n'imikorere y'itara ry'imbere.
• Isuzuma ry'ahantu hakorerwa akazi mu buryo bufatika: Ibi bipima amatara yo mu mutwe mu buryo butaziguye aho azakoreshwa. Bisuzuma imikorere ifatika.
• Isuzuma ryo kugereranya imbonankubone: Ibi bigereranya mu buryo butaziguye ubwoko butandukanye bw'amatara y'imbere hakoreshejwe imirimo isanzwe. Bisuzuma itandukaniro mu mikorere.
• Ibisubizo by'ubuziranenge n'imibare: Ibi bikusanya ibitekerezo birambuye by'abakoresha ku bintu nk'ubwiza bw'urumuri, ihumure ryo gushyiramo, n'igihe bateri imara, hamwe n'amakuru apimwe.
• Ibisubizo by'ishingiro bifunguye: Ibi bishishikariza abakoresha gutanga ibitekerezo birambuye kandi bitateguwe. Bigaragaza ibitekerezo birambuye ku byo banyuzemo.
• Uruhare rw'abaganga mu gukusanya amakuru: Ibi bikoresha abaganga n'abahugurwa mu biganiro no gukusanya amakuru. Bihuza icyuho mu itumanaho hagati y'amasomo y'ubuvuzi n'ay'ubuhanga. Binatuma habaho gusobanura neza ibitekerezo.

Abapima basuzuma ibintu nko koroherwa n'imishumi, koroshya gukoresha utubuto (cyane cyane ukoresheje uturindantoki), gukwirakwiza uburemere, n'uburyo butandukanye bw'urumuri mu bihe bitandukanye. Urugero, itara ry'imbere rishobora gukora neza muri laboratwari, ariko mu gihe cy'ubukonje kandi butose, utubuto twaryo dushobora kugorana gukanda, cyangwa umushumi waryo ushobora gutera ububabare. Gupima mu murima bisuzuma ibi bintu bito. Bitanga ubumenyi bw'ingenzi mu kunoza imiterere. Ibi bituma itara ry'imbere ritameze neza gusa mu rwego rwa tekiniki ahubwo rinatuma abantu baryo bumva bamerewe neza kandi bakabasha kurikoresha.

Isuzuma ry'umutekano w'amashanyarazi n'iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko agenga imikorere

Isuzuma ry’umutekano w’amashanyarazi n’iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko ni ibintu bidasubirwaho mu gukora amatara yo mu mutwe. Ibi bizamini byemeza ko ibicuruzwa nta ngaruka z’amashanyarazi bitera ku bakoresha kandi ko byujuje ibisabwa byose n’amategeko kugira ngo bigurishwe ku masoko bigenewe. Kubahiriza amahame mpuzamahanga n’ay’akarere ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo isoko rigere ku isoko kandi rigire icyizere ku baguzi.

Ibipimo by'ingenzi by'umutekano w'amashanyarazi birimo:

• Ikizamini cy'Imbaraga za Dielectric (Ikizamini cya Hi-Pot): Iki kizamini gikoresha ingufu nyinshi ku bushyuhe bw'amashanyarazi bw'itara. Kigenzura niba hari ibyangiritse cyangwa amazi yavuye mu kirere.
• Ikizamini cyo gukomeza ubutaka: Ibi bigenzura ubuziranenge bw'umuyoboro w'ubutaka urinda. Bituma habaho umutekano mu gihe habaye ikibazo cy'amashanyarazi.
• Ikizamini cy'ubu gihe cyo kuvomba: Ibi bipima umuyoboro uwo ari wo wose utembera uva ku gicuruzwa ujya ku mukoresha cyangwa ku butaka. Bituma kiguma mu mupaka utekanye.
• Ikizamini cyo Kwirinda Cyane: Ibi byemeza ko urwego rw'amatara rushobora guhangana n'umuriro ukabije nta gushyuha cyane cyangwa ngo rwangize.
• Ikizamini cyo kurinda bateri: Kuriamatara yo mu mutwe ashobora kongera gukoreshwa, ibi bigenzura sisitemu yo gucunga bateri. Birinda gusharija cyane, gusohora umuriro mwinshi, no gukoresha amashanyarazi make.

Uretse umutekano, amatara yo mu mutwe agomba kubahiriza amahame atandukanye agenga. Akenshi harimo ikimenyetso cya CE ku Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi, icyemezo cya FCC cya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, n’amabwiriza ya RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances). Aya mategeko akubiyemo ibintu nko guhuza amashanyarazi n’amashanyarazi (EMC), imiterere y’ibintu bishobora kwangiza, n’umutekano rusange w’ibicuruzwa. Abakora ibi bizamini bakorera muri laboratwari zemewe. Babona ibyangombwa bikenewe mbere yuko ibicuruzwa byinjira ku isoko. Iyi gahunda ikomeye yo gupima mu gukora amatara yo mu mutwe irinda abaguzi. Inarinda izina ry’ikirango kandi ikemeza ko kinjizwa ku isoko byemewe n’amategeko.

Guhuza Ibisobanuro n'Ibizamini mu Ikorwa ry'Amatara yo mu Mutwe

Guhuza ibipimo bya tekiniki n'ibizamini by'imikorere mu gihe cyosegukora amatara yo mu mutweUburyo bwo gukora butuma ibicuruzwa biba byiza cyane. Ubu buryo buhamye butanga ubuziranenge kuva ku gishushanyo mbonera cya mbere kugeza ku giteranyo cya nyuma. Bubaka urufatiro rw'ibikoresho byo hanze byizewe kandi bikora neza.

Igishushanyo n'ishusho y'ibitekerezo by'ibanze

Uburyo bwo gukora butangirana no gushushanya no gukora ibishushanyo mbonera. Iki cyiciro gihindura ibitekerezo bya mbere mo ibishushanyo mbonera bifatika. Abashushanya akenshi batangirana n'ibishushanyo mbonera byashushanyijwe n'intoki, hanyuma bakabinoza bakoresheje porogaramu za CAD zo mu rwego rw'inganda nka Autodesk Inventor na CATIA. Ibi bituma imbonerahamwe ikubiyemo imikorere yose y'ibicuruzwa bya nyuma, atari ubwiza gusa.

Icyiciro cyo gushushanya ubusanzwe gikurikira intambwe nyinshi:

1. Icyiciro cy'Icyerekezo n'Ubwubatsi: Ibi bikubiyemo gukora ibishushanyo mbonera cyangwa imikorere y'ibice nk'imiyoboro y'urumuri cyangwa ibikombe bya reflector. Imirimo yo gutunganya amatara ya CNC itanga ubwiza bwo hejuru, igisubizo cyihuse, n'imikorere migufi (ibyumweru 1-2). Ku miterere igoye, abahanga mu bya porogaramu za CNC bafite uburambe mu gusesengura uburyo ibintu bishoboka kandi bagatanga ibisubizo byo gutunganya.
2. Nyuma yo GutunganyaNyuma yo gukora imashini, imirimo nko gukuraho ubushyuhe, gusiga irangi, guhuza no gusiga amarangi ni ingenzi cyane. Izi ntambwe zigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku isura ya nyuma y’imashini.
3. Icyiciro cyo Gupima Ubwinshi bw'Umuvuduko Muke: Gutunganya silicone bikoreshwa mu gukora ibintu bike bitewe n'ubushobozi bwabyo bwo koroha no gukora neza. Ku bice bisaba gusiga indorerwamo, nk'amabara y'indorerwamo n'amabara y'imbere, CNC machining ikora prototype ya PMMA, hanyuma igakora ibumba rya silicone.

Ingamba zo Gushaka Ibice Bimwe n'Igenzura ry'Ubuziranenge

Gushaka ibikoresho neza no kugenzura ubuziranenge ni ingenzi mu gukora amatara yo mu mutwe. Abakora bashyira mu bikorwa ingamba zikomeye kugira ngo buri gice cyujuje ibisabwa. Ibi birimo gupima cyane urumuri, igihe cyo kubaho, kwirinda amazi, no kwirinda ubushyuhe. Abatanga serivisi batanga inyandiko nk'ikimenyetso cy'uko byubahirije amategeko. Gupakira neza no kurinda birinda kwangirika mu gihe cyo kohereza.

Abakora kandi basaba raporo z'ibizamini n'ibyemezo nka DOT, ECE, SAE, cyangwa ISO. Ibi bitanga icyizere cy'ubwiza bw'ibicuruzwa ku ruhande rwa gatatu. Ahantu hagenzurwa ubuziranenge harimo:

• Igenzura ry’Ubuziranenge ryinjira (IQC): Ibi bikubiyemo kugenzura ibikoresho fatizo n'ibice byabyo nyuma yo kubikira.
• Igenzura ry'Ubuziranenge mu Mikorere (IPQC): Ibi bikurikirana umusaruro uhoraho mu gihe cyo guteranya.
• Igenzura rya nyuma ry'ubuziranenge (FQC): Ibi bipima byimbitse ibicuruzwa byarangiye, harimo no gusuzuma no gusuzuma imikorere.

Guteranya no Gupima Imikorere mu Murongo

Guteranya bihuza ibice byose byakuwe mu buryo bwitondewe kandi bugenzurwa n'ubuziranenge. Ubuhanga ni ingenzi muri iki cyiciro, cyane cyane ku buryo bwo gufunga no guhuza ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga. Nyuma yo guteranya, isuzuma ry'imikorere y'itara rihita rigenzura imikorere y'itara. Iri suzuma rigenzura ko urumuri rusohoka neza, imikorere y'uburyo, n'ubuziranenge bw'amashanyarazi. Gufata ibibazo hakiri kare mu murongo w'iteranya birinda ibicuruzwa bifite inenge gukomeza gukora. Ibi bituma buri tara rihura n'ibipimo byaryo mbere yo gusuzuma ubuziranenge bwa nyuma.

Isuzuma rya nyuma yo gukora ibizamini by'itsinda kugira ngo harebwe neza

Nyuma yo guteranya, abakora bakora isuzuma ry’amatara nyuma yo kuyatunganya. Iyi ntambwe y’ingenzi itanga igenzura rya nyuma ry’ubwiza n’imikorere y’amatara yo mu mutwe. Ituma buri gicuruzwa cyujuje ibisabwa mbere yo kugera ku baguzi. Ibi bizamini birambuye bikubiyemo ibintu bitandukanye bijyanye n’imikorere n’ubuziranenge bw’amatara yo mu mutwe.

Porogaramu zo gupima zirimo ibice byinshi by'ingenzi:

• Ibizamini byo kuboneka n'ibijyanye n'ubwiza bw'umubiri:Abatekinisiye bagenzura aho urumuri ruturuka, nka LED. Bagenzura neza aho modules n'ibice byose by'amatara bihurira. Abagenzuzi banasuzuma niba hari irangi ry'inyuma (rikomeye) n'iry'imbere (rirwanya ibihu) ku kirahuri cy'amatara. Bapima ibipimo by'amashanyarazi by'amatara.
• Ibizamini by'itumanaho:Ibi bizamini byemeza itumanaho na sisitemu zo hanze za PLC. Byemeza itumanaho n'ibikoresho byo hanze byinjira/bisohoka, amasoko agezweho, na moteri. Abapima bagenzura itumanaho bakoresheje amatara y'imodoka binyuze muri bisi za CAN na LIN. Byemeza kandi itumanaho hakoreshejwe modules zo kwigana imodoka (HSX, Vector, DAP).
• Ibizamini bya Optical na Camera:Ibi bizamini bigenzura imikorere ya AFS, nk'amatara yo mu mfuruka. Bigenzura imikorere ya LWR (guhindura uburebure bw'amatara yo mu mutwe). Abapima bakora ikizamini cyo gutwika amatara ya xenon (gutwika). Bapima imiterere n'amabara muri XY. Babona LED zifite inenge, bashaka impinduka z'amabara n'urumuri. Abapima bagenzura imikorere yo guhindukira kw'ibimenyetso byo guhindukira bakoresheje kamera yihuta cyane. Bagenzura kandi imikorere ya matrix, igabanya urumuri.
• Ibizamini bya Optical-Mechanical:Ibi bizamini bikosora kandi bigenzura aho urumuri rw'amatara manini ruherereye. Bikosora kandi bigenzura amatara ku buryo amatara agaragara. Abapima bakosora kandi bagenzura ibara ry'aho porojekiteri y'amatara igaragara. Bagenzura ko insinga z'amatara zishyirwa neza hakoreshejwe kamera. Bagenzura isuku y'amatara hakoreshejwe ubuhanga bwa AI n'uburyo bwo kwiga byimbitse. Amaherezo, bakosora optique y'ibanze.

Igenzura ryose ry’amatara rigomba kubahiriza byuzuye amahame mpuzamahanga ajyanye n’ibyo, nk’ayaturutse mu Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi. IIHS isuzuma imikorere y’amatara ku modoka nshya. Ibi birimo kureba intera, urumuri, n’imikorere y’amatara ahindura imirasire y’imodoka n’amatara ahindura imirasire. Basuzuma by’umwihariko uburyo amatara aturuka mu ruganda. Ntabwo asuzuma nyuma yo gukosora neza intego. Abaguzi benshi ntibagenzura intego. Amatara abanza agomba kuba agenewe uruganda. Intego y’amatara muri rusange igenzurwa kandi igahuzwa mu mpera z’igikorwa cyo kuyakora. Ibi akenshi bikoresha imashini iyobora amatara nk’imwe mu nzira za nyuma ku murongo w’iteraniro. Inguni yihariye y’igerageza iguma ku bushake bw’uwakoze. Nta tegeko rya leta rihari ku nguni runaka y’igerageza iyo amatara ashyizwe ku modoka.

Ibipimo by’ikoranabuhanga bikomeye n’ibizamini by’imikorere ni ingenzi ku birango byo hanze mu gukora amatara yo mu mutwe. Ibi bikorwa byubaka icyizere cy’abaguzi kandi bikubahiriza umutekano w’ibicuruzwa. Ibipimo by’ikoranabuhanga bikomeye byemeza ko amatara yo mu mutwe yujuje ibisabwa mpuzamahanga, bikarinda urumuri rw’izuba no kunoza icyerekezo cy’abayakoresha. Binatuma barushaho kuramba, hamwe n’ibikoresho byagenewe kwihanganira ikirere kibi nk’imirasire ya UV n’ubushyuhe bukabije.

Gusuzuma neza ingero z'amatara yo mu mutwe, harimo no gusuzuma ubwiza bw'inyubako, imikorere (urumuri, igihe bateri imara, imiterere y'imirasire), ndetse no kwihanganira ikirere, ni ingenzi cyane. Ibi byemeza ko ibicuruzwa bifite ubuziranenge n'ubwizerwe, ari byo by'ingenzi mu kubaka icyizere cy'abaguzi.

Izi ngamba zigaragaza izina ry’ikirango cy’ubwiza n’ubudahemuka ku isoko ryo hanze rihangana n’iry’abandi. Gutanga amatara yo mu mutwe akora neza bitanga inyungu ikomeye mu irushanwa.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Amanota ya IP asobanura iki ku matara yo mu mutwe?

Amanota ya IP agaragazaitara ryo mu mutweUbudahangarwa bw'amazi n'umukungugu. Umubare wa mbere ugaragaza uburinzi bw'umukungugu, naho uwa kabiri ugaragaza uburinzi bw'amazi. Imibare myinshi isobanura uburinzi bwiza ku bidukikije.

Ni gute ANSI FL1 Standard ifasha abaguzi?

ANSI FL1 Standard itanga ibimenyetso bihoraho kandi bisobanutse neza ku mikorere y'amatara yo mu mutwe. Igena ibipimo nk'umusaruro wa lumen n'intera y'imirasire. Ibi bituma abaguzi bashobora kugereranya ibicuruzwa neza no gufata ibyemezo byo kugura bakurikije ubwenge.

Kuki isuzuma ry’ubudahangarwa bw’ibidukikije ari ingenzi ku matara yo mu mutwe?

Isuzuma ry’ubudahangarwa bw’ibidukikije rituma amatara yo mu matwi yihanganira ikirere kibi cyo hanze. Rikubiyemo ibizamini by’ubushyuhe, ubushuhe, n’ihindagurika ry’ikirere. Ibi byemeza ko ibicuruzwa bizaramba kandi ko ari iby’ukuri mu bidukikije.

Ni akahe kamaro ko gupima ubunararibonye bw'abakoresha mu murima?

Isuzuma ry'uburambe bw'umukoresha risuzuma imikorere y'itara ry'imbere mu buryo bufatika. Risuzuma uburyo itara ry'imbere rimeze, uburyo rikoreshwa mu buryo bwumvikana, n'ubushobozi bwaryo mu gihe rikoreshwa. Ibi bifasha kunoza imiterere yaryo kandi bigashimangira ko itara ry'imbere rikwiriye abantu baryo.