Amatara yo mu nganda yo gucukura peteroli: Impamyabushobozi ya ATEX na IECEx irasobanurwa

Imashini zikora peteroli zifite imiterere mibi isaba ibikoresho byihariye byo gucana. Amatara y’imbere y’inganda yemewe n’abakozi bakoresha agomba kwirinda imiti, kwihanganira impanuka, no kugira ibikoresho biramba. Izi mpamyabumenyi, nka ATEX na IECEx, zifasha kwemeza ko ibisabwa mu gucana bya OSHA byubahirizwa kandi zikarinda abakozi ibyago. Amatara y’imbere akwiye amurikira ahantu hakenewe akazi, ashyigikira umutekano, kandi agahura n’ibikenewe mu duce dutandukanye tw’imashini.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Amatara yemewe ni ingenziku mutekano w'ibikoresho bya peteroli. Birinda gutwika ahantu haturikira ibisasu, bikarinda abakozi ibyago.
• Buri gihe reba ibimenyetso bya ATEX na IECEx ku matara yo mu mutwe. Ibi bimenyetso byemeza ko byujuje ibisabwa mu kubungabunga uturere dufite akaga.
• Hitamo amatara yo mu mutwe ukurikijeishyirwa mu byiciro ry’uturere twihariye tw’impanuka. Uduce dutandukanye dusaba ibintu bitandukanye by’umutekano kugira ngo habeho kubahiriza amategeko.
• Suzuma buri gihe kandi usimbuze amatara yemewe. Ubu buryo bukomeza amahame y'umutekano kandi bufasha kwirinda amande ahenze ku batubahiriza amategeko.
• Hitamo amatara yo mu mutwe aramba akozwe mu bikoresho bidashobora kwangirika. Agomba kwihanganira ikirere kibi, harimo no guhura n'ibinyabutabire n'ibintu bikomereye umubiri.

Impamyabushobozi za ATEX na IECEx ku bikoresho by'amavuta byo mu nganda

Impamyabumenyi ya ATEX yasobanuwe

Icyemezo cya ATEX gishyiraho urugero rw'ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu kirere giturika mu Muryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi. Amabwiriza ya ATEX, azwi ku izina rya Directive 2014/34/EU, asaba abakora ibikoresho gushushanya ibintu birinda umuriro mu bidukikije biteje akaga.Amatara y'imbere mu ngandaAbakozi bakoresha ibikoresho bya peteroli bagomba kuba bujuje ibisabwa byose kugira ngo barebe ko amashanyarazi aramba, imbaraga za mekanike, no kurwanya ibidukikije. Ikimenyetso cya ATEX kiri ku itara ry'imbere kigaragaza ko cyujuje ibi bisabwa. Abakora bapima buri gicuruzwa kugira ngo barebe ko kiramba kandi ko kirinzwe mbere yo gutanga icyemezo.

Inama:Buri gihe reba ikimenyetso cya ATEX n'ikode yo gushyira mu byiciro iri ku kirango cy'ibicuruzwa. Ibi bituma itara ry'imbere ryujuje ibisabwa mu mutekano ku bice biturika.

Impamyabumenyi ya IECEx yasobanuwe

Icyemezo cya IECEx gitanga urwego mpuzamahanga rw’umutekano w’ibikoresho mu kirere giturika. Komisiyo Mpuzamahanga ya Electrotechnical (IEC) yashyizeho ubu buryo kugira ngo ihuze amahame ngenderwaho mu bihugu bitandukanye. Icyemezo cya IECEx kiremeza ko abakozi bo mu nganda bakoresha amatara yo mu mutwe batsinze ibizamini bikomeye by’umutekano w’amashanyarazi n’uw’imashini. Iyi gahunda ikubiyemo isuzuma ryigenga no gukomeza kugenzura ibikorwa byo mu nganda. Amatara yo mu mutwe yemewe na IECEx agaragaza inomero yihariye y’icyemezo n’amategeko y’umutekano, bigatuma byorohera abashinzwe umutekano kugenzura ko yubahirizwa.

Akamaro ko kwemeza umutekano w'ibikoresho by'amavuta

Impamyabushobozi igira uruhare runini mu kurinda abakozi bo mu byuma bicukura peteroli ingaruka z'inkongi n'ibiturika. Ahantu ho mu byuma bicukura peteroli hagaragaramo ibyago byihariye, harimo imyuka itwika n'umukungugu. Amatara yemewe agabanya ibyago byo gushya mu buryo bw'impanuka hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bifunze n'ibikoresho bidapfa gushya. Abashinzwe umutekano bishingikiriza ku bimenyetso bya ATEX na IECEx kugira ngo bahitemo ibikoresho bikwiye kuri buri gace gashobora guteza akaga. Igenzura rihoraho n'isimbuza amatara yemewe rikomeza amahame y'umutekano kandi rishyigikira iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko.

Icyitonderwa:Amatara yemewe ntabwo arinda abakozi gusa ahubwo anafasha amasosiyete kwirinda amande ahenze no gufunga kubera kutubahiriza amategeko.

Itandukaniro riri hagati ya ATEX na IECEx ku bikoresho by'amavuta by'inganda

Imiterere y'ubutaka n'ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryabwo

Impamyabushobozi za ATEX na IECEx zikorera uturere dutandukanye n'ibikenewe mu mategeko. Impamyabushobozi za ATEX zikoreshwa mu Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi. Ni ngombwa ku bikoresho bikoreshwa mu kirere giturika, harimo n’ibigega bya peteroli bikorera mu mazi y’u Burayi. Impamyabushobozi ya IECEx, ku rundi ruhande, ikora nk'uburyo mpuzamahanga bw’ubushake. Ibihugu byinshi bitari EU byemera IECEx, bigatuma ikoreshwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Abakora ibigega bya peteroli bakunze guhitamo icyemezo hashingiwe ku hantu ibigega byabo biherereye n'ibisabwa n'amategeko by'ako karere.

Abakora mu bihugu byinshi bashobora guhitamo ko amatara y’imbere mu nganda yemewe na IECEx asaba ko ibidukikije birimo peteroli, kuko iki cyemezo cyoroshya iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko ku mipaka.

Igereranya ry'Inzira yo Kwemeza

Uburyo bwo kwemeza ATEX na IECEx buratandukanye mu bintu byinshi by'ingenzi:

• Icyemezo cya ATEX: Bishyirwa mu bikorwa n'inzego za Ex Notified Bodies (ExNBs) muri EU. Izi nzego zitanga ibyemezo by'ibizamini by'ubwoko bwa EU kandi zigashyiraho amabwiriza akaze y'akarere.
• Icyemezo cya IECEx: Igenzurwa na Komite Ishinzwe Ubuyobozi ya IECEx. Iyi sisitemu ikoresha ububiko bw'amakuru buri hagati hamwe n'inzira imwe, ariko nta bubasha bumwe ifite bwo gushyira mu bikorwa ibyo ikora. Iyi gahunda iteza imbere ubwisanzure no kwemerwa ku isi yose.

Guhitamo icyemezo gikwiye cy'ububiko bwawe bw'amavuta

Guhitamo icyemezo gikwiye biterwa n'ibintu byinshi:

• Ibikoresho by'umutekano birakenewe mu kirere giturika
• Amahame y'ubuziranengebyemewe n'amategeko, bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo umuntu yizewe
• Ikoreshwa ry’amatara y’imbere n’ahantu nyaho hazakoreshwa amatara y’imbere
• Akamaro k'ubutaka, kuko ATEX ari itegeko muri EU, mu gihe IECEx itanga uburenganzira mpuzamahanga mu buryo bwagutse

Abakora mu byuma bicukura peteroli bagomba gusuzuma aho bakorera n'ibyo bakeneye kubahiriza. Bagomba kandi gusuzuma ibisabwa mu mutekano w'amatsinda yabo. Guhitamo icyemezo gikwiye cyoamatara y'imbere mu ngandaIbigo bicukura peteroli bifasha mu kubahiriza amategeko no kurinda abakozi.

Ahantu hateje akaga n'amahame y'umutekano ku bikoresho by'amavuta byo mu nganda

Gushyira mu byiciro uturere dufite akaga ku nganda zikora peteroli

Amabwiriza mpuzamahanga y’umutekano agabanya ahantu hakorerwa peteroli mu duce twangiza ubuzima hashingiwe ku buryo imyuka iturika ishobora kuba ihari. Buri gace gafite ibisabwa byihariye ku mutekano w’ibikoresho. Imbonerahamwe iri hepfo igaragaza ibyiciro by’ingenzi n’ingaruka zabyo ku bikoresho by’amatara:

Izi nzego zifasha abashinzwe umutekano kumenya aho ibyago byo gushya biri hejuru cyane no kuyobora guhitamo ibisubizo byujuje ibisabwa by'amatara.

Ibisabwa mu kwemeza akarere

Gushyira mu byiciro ahantu hashobora guteza akaga bigira uruhare runini mu kugena ibisabwa kugira ngo abakozi bo mu nganda bakoresha amatara y’imbere mu nganda. Amatara muri utwo duce agomba gukumira icyatsi cyangwa umuriro imbere mu kirere gikikije. Ibisabwa bitandukanye bitewe n’akarere:

• Zone 0 isaba amatara yo mu mutwe adafite umutekano, kuko imyuka iturika iba ihari buri gihe.
• Agace ka 1 gasaba ibikoresho bidashobora guturika cyangwa bifite umutekano, bikwiriye ahantu hakunze kugaragara gaze.
• Agace ka 2 kemerera amatara yo mu mutwe adacana cyangwa apfundikiye, kuko ingaruka ziba nke ariko ziracyahari.

Gushyira mu byiciro neza bituma amatara y'imbere y'umutwe ahura n'ibipimoamahame y'umutekano akenewekandi urinde abakozi ibyago by'inkongi y'umuriro cyangwa guturika.

Ingaruka ku guhitamo amatara yo mu mutwe

Gushyira mu byiciro uturere dufite akaga bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku guhitamoamatara y'imbere mu ngandaAhantu ho gucukura peteroli hakenewe. Abashinzwe umutekano bagomba guhuza icyemezo cy'itara ry'imbere n'urwego rw'ibyago by'akarere. Urugero, amatara y'imbere mu gace ka 0 ni yo yonyine agomba gukoreshwa, mu gihe moderi zirinda guturika zishobora kuba zihagije muri ako gace ka 1. Amatara y'imbere adacana cyangwa apfundikiye ashobora kwitabwaho muri ako gace ka 2. Ubu buryo bwo guhitamo bwitonze bufasha gukomeza kubahiriza amategeko no kwemeza umutekano w'abakozi muri buri gace k'ikigo.

Inama: Buri gihe banza ugenzure ikimenyetso cy’itara mbere yo kurikoresha ahantu hateje akaga. Guhitamo neza bigabanya ibyago kandi bigashyigikira iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko.

Guhitamo icyuma cy’amavuta cyemewe mu nganda

Gusobanukirwa ibimenyetso by'impamyabushobozi

Ibimenyetso by’impamyabushobozi ku matara yo mu nganda abakozi bakoresha mu byuma bitanga amakuru y’ingenzi ku mutekano no ku buryo bukwiriye. Buri kimenyetso cyerekana ko gikurikiza amahame yihariye. Urugero, icyemezo cya ATEX cyemeza ko gikurikiza ibisabwa mu by’umutekano by’i Burayi ku kirere giturika. Icyemezo cya UL gikoreshwa ku masoko yo muri Amerika ya Ruguru kandi gishyira ibikoresho mu byiciro hashingiwe ku kuba hari imyuka itwika, umwuka cyangwa ivumbi. Imbonerahamwe ikurikira igaragaza muri make ibimenyetso by’impamyabushobozi bisanzwe:

Abakora ibikoresho banashyiramo ibimenyetso bigaragaza ubushyuhe, uburinzi bw'inyongera, ibisabwa mu bikoresho, n'uburinzi bw'amashanyarazi. Ibi bisobanuro bifasha abashinzwe umutekano guhitamo amatara yo mu mutwe abuza umuriro kandi akihanganira imimerere mibi y'ibikoresho bya peteroli.

Ibintu by'ingenzi bigize amatara y'imbere yemewe

Ahantu ho gushyira peteroli mu matara y’inganda hafite ibyangombwa byinshi biyiranga. Aya matara y’inganda akoresha imiterere ifunze, akenshi ifite amanota ya IP66 cyangwa irenga, kugira ngo ahagarike ivumbi n’amazi. Akoresha amashanyarazi make n’ubushyuhe kugira ngo agabanye ibyago byo kwangiza. Ibikoresho bidashyira peteroli hamwe n’uburyo bukomeye bwo kurinda umutekano birushaho kunoza uburinzi. Imbonerahamwe iri hepfo igereranya moderi zemewe n’izidafite ibyangombwa:

Amatara yemewe afite kandi uburyo bwo kuyacunga bwigenga ku matara abiri, ubushobozi bwo kwirinda imiti, no gufata neza. Ibi bifasha mu gukora neza mu bice biteje akaga.

Inama z'ingirakamaro zo guhitamo ahantu hakoreshwa peteroli

Guhitamo itara ry'imbere rikwiye bisaba ibintu byinshi bifatika. Abashinzwe umutekano bagomba guhitamo imashini zifite imigozi ya elastic ishobora guhindurwa n'ibipimo by'amazi, nka IP67. Umucyo usohoka ugomba kugera nibura kuri lumens 100 hamwe n'intera y'umuraba ya metero 105. Amatara y'imbere agomba kwihanganira ivumbi, ibicanga, amavuta n'amazi. Shaka ibyemezo nka Class I, Division 1 na ATEX Zone 0 kugira ngo ubone umutekano mwinshi. Ibishushanyo mbonera bidaturika bifasha mu kubungabunga imikorere myiza no kwirinda ibihano biteganywa n'amategeko.

Inama: Buri gihe hitamo amatara yujuje ibisabwa ku hantu hateje akaga. Amatara yemewe afasha mu mikorere myiza kandi akarinda abakozi ibyago byo gutwika.

Amatara y’imbere y’inganda yemewe na ATEX na IECEx agira uruhare runini mu mutekano w’ibikoresho bya peteroli. Aya matara atanga amatara adaturika, yubakwa mu buryo burambye, kandi yubahiriza amahame agenga umutekano. Abakoresha bagomba guhitamo amatara y’imbere hashingiwe ku bisabwa mu gace gashobora guteza akaga n’ibimenyetso by’ubuziranenge.

Igenzura rihoraho no kuvugurura amatara yemewe ku gihe bifasha mu kubungabunga umutekano no kurinda abakozi bari ahantu hateje akaga.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Icyemezo cya ATEX bivuze iki ku matara yo mu nganda?

Icyemezo cya ATEX cyemeza ko itara ry’imbere ryujuje ibisabwa mu by’umutekano by’i Burayi mu ikoreshwa ry’ikirere giturika. Ibi byemeza ko igikoresho kitazatwika imyuka itwika cyangwa umukungugu ku byuma bicukura peteroli.

Ni gute abakozi bashobora kumenya niba itara ryo mu mutwe rifite icyemezo cya IECEx?

Abakozi bashobora kugenzura ikirango cy’ibicuruzwa kugira ngo babone ikirango cya IECEx n’inomero yihariye y’icyemezo. Abakora kandi batanga ibisobanuro birambuye ku cyemezo mu gitabo cy’abakoresha no ku mbuga zabo zemewe.

Kuki ibikoresho byo gusiga peteroli bisaba amatara yemewe n'amategeko?

Amatara yo mu mutwe yemewekugabanya ibyago byo guturika mu gukumira ibishashi cyangwa ubushyuhe bwinshi. Ibikoresho bya peteroli birimo ibintu bishobora gushya, bityo abashinzwe umutekano bagomba gukoresha amatara yemewe gusa kugira ngo barinde abakozi n'ibikoresho.

Ese itara ryo mu mutwe rishobora kugira ibyangombwa bya ATEX na IECEx?

Yego. Bamwe mu bakora amatara bashushanya amatara yo mu mutwe kugira ngo yuzuze amahame ya ATEX na IECEx. Ibi bicuruzwa bitanga uburyo bworoshye ku bakora mu turere twinshi cyangwa hakurikijwe amabwiriza atandukanye.

Amatara y’imbere yemewe agomba gusuzumwa cyangwa gusimburwa kangahe?

Impuguke mu by'umutekano ziratanga inamaigenzura rihorahohashingiwe ku mabwiriza y’uruganda. Abakozi bagomba guhita basimbuza amatara yo mu mutwe iyo bagaragaje ibimenyetso byo kwangirika cyangwa batujuje ibisabwa.