Isesengura rigufi ry’inganda zikora amatara yo mu busitani ku isi no mu Bushinwa mu 2023

Amatara ya photovoltaic akoreshwa n'uturemangingo tw'izuba twa silikoni, bateri ifunze idakoresha valve (bateri ya colloidal) kugira ngo ikoreshwe mu kubika ingufu z'amashanyarazi, amatara ya LED yaka cyane nk'isoko y'urumuri, kandi agenzurwa n'icyuma gikoresha amashanyarazi n'amashanyarazi, akoreshwa mu gusimbuza amatara asanzwe akoreshwa mu gutanga urumuri rw'amashanyarazi rusange. Amatara y'izuba n'amatara ni umusaruro w'ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa mu guhindura amashanyarazi, rifite ibyiza byo kuzigama ingufu, kurengera ibidukikije, umutekano, nta nsinga, byoroshye gushyiraho, kugenzura byikora, rishobora guhindurwa igihe icyo ari cyo cyose bitewe n'ibyo umuntu akeneye, nibindi. Ubwoko bw'ingenzi ni amatara y'izuba mu busitani, amatara y'izuba, amatara yo ku mihanda, amatara y'izuba, nibindi. Ashobora gukoreshwa cyane mu bikari, mu duce dutuwemo, mu nkengero z'ubukerarugendo, mu mihanda minini n'indi n'ahandi.

Incamake y'inganda zitanga amatara ya photovoltaic Kuri ubu, urwego rw'umusaruro w'ibicuruzwa bitanga amatara ya photovoltaic rwiganje cyane mu Bushinwa. Ubushinwa bwashyizeho uruhererekane rwuzuye rw'inganda kuva ku gukora utunyangingo tw'izuba n'amasoko y'urumuri rwa LED kugeza ku ikoreshwa ry'utunyangingo tw'izuba n'ikoranabuhanga rya LED. Ibigo byo mu gihugu ni byo bifite igice kinini cy'isoko ry'urumuri rwa photovoltaic ku isi.

Iterambere ry’inganda zitanga amatara ya photovoltaic ryibanda cyane cyane muri Pearl River Delta, Yangtze River Delta na Fujian Delta, bikaba ari byo biranga iterambere ry’akarere. Mu buryo bunyuranye, abaguzi b’ibicuruzwa bitanga amatara ya photovoltaic ni abanyamahanga, biganjemo muri Amerika ya Ruguru, i Burayi no mu bindi bihugu byateye imbere n’uturere.

Itara ry'ubusitani rikoresha imirasire y'izubaincamake y'ibice

Amatara akoresha imirasire y'izuba ni yo akoreshwa cyane mu nganda zikoresha amatara ya photovoltaic, arenga 50% by'ubushobozi bw'isoko ry'amatara ya photovoltaic. Hamwe no guteza imbere ingamba zo kuzigama ingufu no kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere mu buryo bwagutse no mu buryo bwimbitse, ubumenyi bw'abantu ku kuzigama ingufu buzarushaho kwiyongera, kandi amatara asanzwe azasimburwa n'amatara akoresha imirasire y'izuba, bifungure isoko rishya mu isoko ryari risanzwe ridafite ikintu na kimwe.

A. Isoko ry’amahanga ni ryo rikoreshwa cyane: amatara y’izuba akoreshwa cyane cyane mu gushariza no gucana ubusitani n’ubusitani, kandi amasoko yabo akomeye ari mu Burayi na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika no mu tundi turere twateye imbere. Amazu yo muri utwo turere akunze kugira ubusitani cyangwa ubusitani bugomba gushingwa cyangwa gucanwa; Byongeye kandi, dukurikije umuco w’ibihugu by’i Burayi na Amerika, abaturage bo muri ako gace bakunze kwirinda gukorera ibikorwa mu busitani bwo hanze mu minsi mikuru ikomeye nko gushimira Imana, Pasika na Noheli, cyangwa ibindi bikorwa byo guterana nk’ubukwe n’ibitaramo, bisaba amafaranga menshi yo gukoresha mu kubungabunga no gushariza ubusitani.

Uburyo busanzwe bwo gushyiramo amashanyarazi hakoreshejwe insinga byongera ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga ubusitani. Biragoye kwimura ubusitani nyuma yo kubushyiraho, kandi bufite ingaruka zimwe na zimwe ku mutekano. Byongeye kandi, bisaba ingufu nyinshi z'amashanyarazi, ibyo bikaba bitahendutse kandi bitanoroshye. Itara ry'ubusitani rikoresha imirasire y'izuba ryagiye risimbura itara risanzwe rikoresha ubusitani bitewe n'imiterere yaryo yoroshye, ihendutse kandi ifite umutekano, kandi ryabaye amahitamo ya mbere mu matara yo mu rugo mu Burayi no muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.

B. Isoko ry'imbere mu gihugu ririmo kuzamuka buhoro buhoro: Ni ikintu gikunze kugaragara ko ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, nk'ingufu zidashobora kongera gukoreshwa, zisimbura buhoro buhoro ingufu zisanzwe zo mu migi no mu miturire. Amatara akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, nk'uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo gukoresha ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, yitabwaho cyane n'inganda zikora ingufu n'amatara. Kuri ubu, ikoranabuhanga ryo gukoresha ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba rirakuze, kandi ryubahirijeamatara akoresha ingufu z'izubabishobora kunozwa cyane. Mu gihe ibiciro by'ingufu zisanzwe bikomeje kwiyongera ndetse n'ibura ry'ingufu, imiterere yo gukwirakwiza amatara y'izuba ku rwego runini yarakuze.

Inganda zikoresha ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba mu Bushinwa ziratera imbere vuba, kandi igikenewe gishobora gutangwa ku isoko ry'imbere mu gihugu ni kinini cyane. Umubare n'ingano y'ibigo bitunganya amatara y'izuba mu Bushinwa biriyongera, umusaruro wagize umusaruro urenga 90% by'umusaruro w'isi, ibicuruzwa birenga miliyoni 300 byagurishijwe buri mwaka, impuzandengo y'ubwiyongere bw'umusaruro w'amatara y'izuba mu myaka ya vuba aha irenga 20%.

Itara ry’izuba rikoreshwa cyane mu gihugu no mu mahanga kubera imiterere yaryo yo kuzigama ingufu, kurengera ibidukikije no gushyiraho byoroshye. Nubwo ikoreshwa ry’ibicuruzwa byacu ritaramamazwa cyane, ubushobozi bwaryo bwo kubikenera ni bwinshi cyane. Bitewe n’iterambere ry’ubukungu, iterambere ry’ikoreshwa ry’abantu n’ubwiyongere bw’ubutaka bw’imijyi, isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu rizongera icyifuzo cy’ibicuruzwa ku isoko.amatara yo mu gasozi akoresha imirasire y'izuba, kandi ahantu nka B&B, amazu manini na pariki hashobora kuba ari ho hakenewe cyane.

C. Ibiranga ibicuruzwa bicuruzwa byihuta biragaragara: Nyuma y’imyaka myinshi y’iterambere, itara ry’izuba rihinduka buhoro buhoro kuva ku busabe bushya rijya ku busabe rusange, kandi ibiranga ikoreshwa ry’ibicuruzwa bicuruzwa byihuta bigenda byiyongera cyane, cyane cyane mu Burayi na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.

Ibicuruzwa bicuruzwa byihuta byoroshye kwemerwa n'abaguzi kandi bishobora gukoreshwa mu gihe gito nyuma yo kugura kandi bishobora kongera gusubirwamo. Bijyanye n'impinduka zikunze kugaragara ku bicuruzwa, amatara mato menshi yo mu busitani akoreshwa n'izuba muri iki gihe amara umwaka umwe, ariko aza mu buryo butandukanye kugira ngo ahuze n'ibyo abaguzi bakeneye bihinduka. Imiterere y'amatara yo mu busitani akoreshwa n'izuba igaragara cyane mu bicuruzwa bya FMCG by'igihembwe cy'iburengerazuba. Abantu bahitamo amatara atandukanye yo mu busitani n'amatara yo mu busitani hakurikijwe ibirori bitandukanye, bitajyanye n'ibisabwa mu mucyo gusa, ahubwo binagaragaza imitako ikomeye, igaragaza igitekerezo cya none cyo guhuza imiterere y'abantu n'urumuri.

D. Impamyabumenyi y'ubwiza ikomeje kwiyongera: amatara ya photovoltaic aha abantu imiterere myiza yo kureba. Guhuza amoko yose y'urumuri n'amabara ni byo bigaragaza imiterere y'amatara yo mu busitani, ashobora kugaragaza imiterere y'ikirere cyaremwe kugira ngo agaragaze ubwiza bw'ubuhanzi kandi ahuze n'ibyo abantu bakeneye, ibyo ubwiza n'ibyo bakeneye mu mitekerereze. Abantu barushaho kwita ku bwiza bw'amatara ya photovoltaic, hamwe n'ibyiza byo mu gishushanyo n'inganda, bashobora kubona ko impinduka mu bwiza bw'ikigo zizagira umwanya mwiza mu iterambere ry'isoko.