Imiterere y'amatara yo mu gasozi akoresha imirasire y'izuba

Itara ry'izuba ni ubwoko bw'itara ry'ingufu z'icyatsi kibisi, rifite imiterere y'umutekano, kuzigama ingufu, kurengera ibidukikije no gushyiraho byoroshye.Itara ry'ubusitani rikoresha imirasire y'izuba ritazi amaziIgizwe ahanini n'urumuri, umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi, bateri, module y'amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba n'umubiri w'itara n'ibindi bice. Mu gihe cy'imirasire y'urumuri, ingufu z'amashanyarazi zibikwa muri bateri binyuze mu muyoboro w'amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, kandi ingufu z'amashanyarazi za bateri zoherezwa kuri LED ikoresheje umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi iyo nta rumuri ruhari. Ikwiriye gushariza amatara mu gushushanya ibyatsi bibisi mu midugudu no mu gushushanya ubusitani bwa pariki.

Seti yuzuye yaitara ry'ubusitani rikoresha imirasire y'izubasisitemu ikubiyemo: isoko y'urumuri, igenzura, bateri, ibice by'ingufu z'izuba n'umubiri w'itara.
Iyo izuba ricanye ku ngirabuzimafatizo z'izuba ku manywa, ngirabuzimafatizo z'izuba zihindura ingufu z'urumuri mo ingufu z'amashanyarazi kandi zigabika ingufu z'amashanyarazi muri batiri binyuze mu ruziga rw'igenzura. Nyuma y'ijoro, ingufu z'amashanyarazi ziri muri batiri zitanga ingufu ku itara rya LED ry'itara ry'ubwatsi binyuze mu ruziga rw'igenzura. Ubwo bwacyaga mu gitondo cyakurikiyeho, batiri yahagaritse gutanga ingufu ku ruziga rw'igenzura,amatara yo mu gasozi akoresha imirasire y'izubaByarazimye, maze uturemangingo tw’izuba dukomeza gusharija bateri. Akamashini gakoresha imashini imwe (single-chip) n’icyuma gipima urumuri (sensor), kandi kagenzura uburyo igice cy’urumuri gifunguka n’uburyo gifunga binyuze mu gukusanya no gusuzuma ikimenyetso cy’urumuri. Itara rigizwe ahanini n’uruhare rwo kurinda no gushariza sisitemu ku manywa kugira ngo sisitemu ikore neza. Muri byo, isoko ry’urumuri, igenzura n’ibateri ni byo bifasha kumenya imikorere y’urumuri. Ishusho y’urumuri igaragara iburyo.
Bateri y'izuba
1. Ubwoko
Uturemangingo tw’izuba duhindura ingufu z’izuba mo ingufu z’amashanyarazi. Hari ubwoko butatu bw’uturemangingo tw’izuba bufatika kurushaho: silicon imwe ikoze mu kristali, siliconi ya polycrystalline, na silicon idafite ishusho.
(1) Ibipimo by'imikorere y'uturemangingo tw'izuba twa silikoni imwe idafite ubukana, kandi birakwiriye gukoreshwa mu turere two mu majyepfo aho haba hari iminsi myinshi y'imvura kandi hataragera izuba rihagije.
(2) Uburyo bwo gukora uturemangingo tw’izuba twa silikoni ya polycrystalline bworoshye cyane, kandi igiciro kiri hasi ugereranyije n’icya silikoni ya monocrystalline. Irakwiriye gukoreshwa mu turere tw’iburasirazuba n’iburengerazuba dufite izuba rihagije n’izuba ryiza.
(3) Uturemangingo tw’izuba twa silikoni tudafite imiterere y’izuba dufite ibisabwa bike ku miterere y’izuba, kandi birakwiriye gukoreshwa ahantu urumuri rw’izuba rwo hanze rudahagije.
2. Ingufu z'amashanyarazi zikora
Umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi y'izuba ukubye inshuro 1.5 umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi y'izuba ujyanye na bateri kugira ngo bateri ibone umuriro usanzwe. Urugero, hakenewe uturemangingo tw'izuba twa 4.0 ~ 5.4V kugira ngo bateri za 3.6V zishaje; uturemangingo tw'izuba twa 8 ~ 9V dushaje bateri za 6V; uturemangingo tw'izuba twa 15 ~ 18V dushaje bateri za 12V.
3. Ingufu zisohoka
Ingufu zisohoka kuri buri gice cy'ingufu z'izuba ni hafi 127 Wp/m2. Ingufu z'izuba muri rusange zigizwe n'uturemangingo twinshi tw'izuba duhujwe mu buryo butandukanye, kandi ubushobozi bwatwo buterwa n'ingufu zose zikoreshwa n'isoko ry'urumuri, ibice byohereza umurongo, n'ingufu z'imirasire y'izuba zo mu gace. Ingufu zisohoka za bateri y'izuba zigomba kurenza inshuro 3-5 z'ingufu z'urumuri, kandi zigomba kurenza inshuro (3-4) mu bice bifite urumuri rwinshi n'igihe gito cyo kumurikira; bitabaye ibyo, zigomba kurenza inshuro (4-5).
bateri yo kubika
Bateri ibika ingufu z'amashanyarazi zituruka ku mirasire y'izuba iyo hari urumuri, ikazirekura iyo bikenewe mu ijoro.
1. Ubwoko
(1) Bateri ya aside lisansi (CS): Ikoreshwa mu gusohora amazi mu bushyuhe buri hasi kandi ikoresha ingufu nke, kandi ikoreshwa n'amatara menshi yo ku mihanda akoresha imirasire y'izuba. Ifunze nta kibazo cyo kuyisana kandi igiciro ni gito. Ariko, hakwiye kwitabwaho kugira ngo hirindwe ihumana rya aside lisansi kandi rigomba kuvaho.
(2) Bateri ya nikeli-kadiyumu (Ni-Cd) yo kubikamo: igipimo cyo hejuru cyo gusohora amazi, imikorere myiza mu bushyuhe buri hasi, igihe kirekire cyo gukora, ikoreshwa rito rya sisitemu, ariko hakwiye kwitabwaho kugira ngo hirindwe umwanda wa kadiyumu.
(3) Bateri ya nikeli-metal hydride (Ni-H): isohora amazi ku gipimo cyo hejuru, ikora neza mu bushyuhe buri hasi, ihendutse, nta mwanda uhumanya, kandi ni bateri y'icyatsi kibisi. Ishobora gukoreshwa mu buryo buto, iki gicuruzwa kigomba gushishikarizwa cyane. Hari ubwoko butatu bwa bateri zitagira lead-acid, bateri zisanzwe za lead-acid na bateri za nikeli-cadmium za alkaline zikoreshwa cyane.
2. Guhuza bateri
Mu gihe uhuza bateri icyarimwe, ni ngombwa gusuzuma ingaruka zitaringaniye hagati ya bateri imwe imwe, kandi umubare w'amatsinda ajyanye ntugomba kurenza amatsinda ane. Witondere ikibazo cyo kurwanya ubujura bwa bateri mu gihe cyo kuyishyiraho.