Ubumenyi bw'ibanze ku matara yo hanze

Ahari abantu benshi batekereza ko itara ari ikintu cyoroshye, bisa nkaho bidakwiye gusesengura no gukora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse, ahubwo igishushanyo mbonera n'ikorwa ry'amatara n'amatara meza bisaba ubumenyi bwinshi mu by'ikoranabuhanga, ibikoresho, imashini, n'ikoranabuhanga. Gusobanukirwa ibi bice bizagufasha gusuzuma neza ubwiza bw'amatara.

1. Amatara ashyushye

Ntibishoboka kureba kure gato nijoro udafite amatara ashyushye. Ntibyoroshye gutuma amatara ashyushye agaragara neza kandi agatanga ingufu. Iyo amatara afite imbaraga runaka, ashobora kuzuzwamo umwuka udafite ingufu, ushobora kunoza urumuri no kongera igihe cy'amatara. Icyihariye ni ukwigomwa ubuzima kugira ngo amatara ashyushye cyane ashyushye cyane. Ukurikije uburyo akoreshwa hanze, ukurikije ikoreshwa ry'ibintu byinshi, kwizera no gukora igihe kirekire, amatara asanzwe ya gaze adafite ingufu akwiriye, birumvikana ko gukoresha amatara ya halogen afite urumuri rwinshi nabyo bifite ibyiza byabyo. Bayonet isanzwe n'isoko ry'ibirenge cyangwa ikirahure cyihariye cy'amatara bikunze gukoreshwa mu buryo buzwi bwo gushyiramo amatara ashyushye. Ukurikije uburyo akoreshwa ku isi hose no koroshya kugura, amatara akoresha amatara asanzwe ya bayonet biroroshye gutanga, afite andi menshi asimbuza, igiciro gito kandi aramba. Amatara menshi yo mu rwego rwo hejuru anakoresha amatara ya Halogen xenon hamwe na bayonet, birumvikana ko igiciro cya Halogen kiri hejuru. Ntabwo byoroshye kugura mu Bushinwa, amatara meza cyane mu maduka manini nayo ni ingirakamaro cyane. Kugira ngo itara rirusheho kuzigama ingufu, umuntu ashobora kugerageza kugabanya ingufu, urumuri n'igihe bihora bivuguruzanya, iyo hari voltage runaka, amashanyarazi y'itara ni maremare cyane, PETZL SAXO AQUA ikoresha itara rya krypton rya 6V 0.3A, kugira ngo igere ku ngaruka z'itara risanzwe rya 6V 0.5A. Byongeye kandi, igihe cyo gukoresha bateri enye za AA kigera ku masaha 9, urugero rwiza rw'urumuri n'igihe bingana. Itara rya megabo ryo mu rugo rifite ingufu nke, ari naryo risimbura neza. Birumvikana ko ari ikindi kibazo niba ushaka urumuri rwinshi gusa. Surefire ni isanzwe, ifite umupfundikizo wa 65-lumen ungana n'isaha imwe gusa kuri bateri ebyiri za lithium. Kubwibyo, iyo uguze amatara, reba agaciro k'itara, ubare imbaraga zaryo, hamwe n'umurambararo w'ikirahuri cy'itara, ushobora gupima urumuri rwinshi, intera ntarengwa n'igihe cyo gukoresha, ntuzayoberwa byoroshye n'amatangazo adakoreshejwe.

2. LED

Gukoresha neza diode itanga urumuri rwinshi byazanye impinduka mu nganda z'amatara. Ingufu nke no kumara igihe kirekire ni byo byiza byayo bikomeye. Gukoresha bateri nyinshi zisanzwe zumutse birahagije kugira ngo LED igumane urumuri rwinshi mu masaha menshi cyangwa amagana y'amatara. Ariko, ikibazo gikomeye cya LED muri iki gihe ni uko bigoye gukemura icyegeranyo cy'urumuri, isoko ry'urumuri ritandukanye rituma idashobora kumurikira ubutaka muri metero 10 nijoro, kandi ibara ry'urumuri rukonje naryo rituma kwinjira kwayo mu mvura yo hanze, igihu n'urubura bigabanuka cyane. Kubwibyo, ubusanzwe amatara ahuzwa n'uburyo bwinshi cyangwa bwinshi bwa LED kugira ngo anonosore uko bishoboka kose, ariko ingaruka ntizigaragara. Nubwo hari amatara afite imbaraga nyinshi n'urumuri rwinshi, imikorere ntabwo iragera aho isimbuza burundu amatara ashyushye, kandi igiciro ni kinini cyane. Voltage isanzwe ya LED isanzwe iri hagati ya 3-3.7V, kandi urugero rw'urumuri rwa LED rugaragazwa na mcd, rufite imiterere myinshi nka 5mm na 10mm mu murambararo. Uko umurambararo uba munini, ni ko agaciro ka mcd kaba kanini, ni ko urumuri rurushaho kwiyongera. Kugira ngo harebwe ingano n'ikoreshwa ry'ingufu, amatara asanzwe ahitamo urwego rwa mm 5, naho agaciro ka mcd kakaba kari hagati ya 6000-10000. Ariko, bitewe n'umubare munini w'abakora LED, imiyoboro myinshi ya LED yo mu rugo iba ifite amazina atari yo, kandi agaciro kayo ntabwo gakwiye kwizerwa. Muri rusange, imikorere ya LED y'ibigo by'Abayapani mu bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga irazwi, kandi ni yo matara azwi cyane. Kubera ko LED ihagije kugira ngo ibone urumuri mu muyoboro muto cyane, bityo, amasaha make cyangwa amagana y'amatara asanzwe ya LED agomba kugabanuka cyane mu ikoreshwa nyaryo, wenda amasaha make mbere yuko urumuri ruhagije kugira ngo rubone urumuri mu nkambi yose, nyuma y'amasaha menshi uyikoresha kugira ngo urebe ameza biragoye, bityo, gushyiraho uburyo bwo gutunganya ingufu z'amashanyarazi ni bwo buryo busanzwe bwo gushyiraho amatara ya LED yo hanze yo mu rwego rwo hejuru. Kuri ubu, LED isanzwe iracyakwiriye gukoreshwa nk'inkambi cyangwa ihema nk'isoko y'urumuri hafi, ari nabyo byiza byayo.

3. Igikombe cy'itara

Ikintu cy'ingenzi kigena ubwiza bw'urumuri ni akantu gatanga urumuri - igikombe cy'itara. Igikombe gisanzwe cy'itara gitwikiriwe n'ifeza ku gikombe cya pulasitiki cyangwa icyuma. Ku matara afite imbaraga nyinshi, igikombe cy'itara cy'icyuma gifasha cyane mu gushonga k'ubushyuhe, kandi uburebure bw'igikombe cy'itara bugena urwego rw'ibitekerezo. Mu buryo bumwe, uko igikombe cy'itara kiba gisha cyane si ko kiba cyiza, ingaruka nziza z'igikombe cy'itara ni uruziga rw'iminkanyari ifite imiterere y'uruhu rw'umuhondo, ikagenzura neza iminkanyari y'urumuri iterwa n'uduheri twijimye, ku buryo aho urumuri ruri mu gace k'urumuri rurushaho kuba rwinshi kandi rungana. Ubusanzwe, kugira igikombe gifite iminkanyari bigaragaza icyerekezo cy'umwuga mu rumuri.

4. Indorerwamo y'ijisho

Ikirahuri kirinda itara cyangwa kigahuza urumuri. Ubusanzwe gikozwe mu kirahuri cyangwa resin. Ikirahuri gifite ubushyuhe bwiza, nticyoroshye gukurura, ntigihindagurika, ariko imbaraga zo gukoresha hanze zirateye impungenge, kandi ikiguzi cyo gutunganya ku buso bunini cyane, urupapuro rwa resin rufasha gutunganya, rufite imbaraga zizewe, rufite uburemere bworoshye, ariko witondere uburinzi kugira ngo wirinde gusya cyane, muri rusange, lensi nziza y'itara ryo hanze igomba gutunganywa mu shusho ya resin ya resin, ishobora kuba uburyo bwiza bwo kugenzura uko urumuri ruhurira.

5. Amabatiri

Mu bihe byinshi ushobora kwinubira impamvu itara ritabona amashanyarazi vuba, kandi itara ubwaryo rikagira ingaruka ku itara, mu by'ukuri, guhitamo bateri nabyo ni ingenzi, muri rusange, ubushobozi n'umuvuduko wo gukuraho umuriro wa bateri isanzwe ya alkaline ni byiza, igiciro kiri hasi, byoroshye kugura, bifite ubushobozi bwinshi bwo gukora ibintu bitandukanye, ariko ingaruka nini yo gukuraho umuriro ntabwo ari nziza, igipimo cy'ingufu za bateri ya nickel metal hydride ishobora kongera gukoreshwa kiri hejuru, uruziga rurahendutse cyane, ariko igipimo cyo kwiyambura umuriro kiri hejuru, umuvuduko wo gukuraho umuriro wa bateri ya lithium ni mwiza cyane, ukwiriye cyane gukoresha amatara afite ingufu nyinshi, ariko ubukungu bwo gukoresha ntabwo ari bwiza, igiciro cy'amashanyarazi ya lithium kiracyahenze cyane muri iki gihe, amatara ahuye nayo ahanini ni amatara afite ingufu nyinshi, bityo, amatara menshi yo ku isoko ni uko gukoresha bateri yitwa alkaline imikorere myiza ni myiza, uhereye ku ihame, imikorere ya bateri ya Alkaline izagabanuka cyane ku bushyuhe buke, bityo, ku matara akoreshwa ahantu hakonje, uburyo bwiza ni uguhuza agasanduku ka bateri yo hanze, hamwe n'ubushyuhe bw'umubiri kugira ngo bateri ikore neza. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko ku matara amwe n'amwe atumizwa mu mahanga, nka amwe mu ma model ya PETZL na princeton, kubera ko electrode mbi ya bateri z'abanyamahanga zumutse izamuka gato, imiterere mibi y'amatara iba ikoze ku buryo itagira aho ihurira. Iyo ukoresha bateri zimwe zo mu rugo zifite electrode mbi ifite aho ihurira, hari amahirwe yo kudakorana neza. Igisubizo ni cyoroshye, ongeramo agace gato ka gasket.

6. Ibikoresho

Amatara y'icyuma, pulasitiki, n'ay'ibanze agizwe na yo, umubiri w'itara ry'icyuma urakomeye kandi uraramba, urumuri rusanzwe n'icyuma gikomeye cya aluminiyumu birakoreshwa, iyo bibaye ngombwa, itara ry'icyuma rikunze gukoreshwa nk'igikoresho cyo kwikingira, ariko icyuma rusange ntikirwanya ingese, kiraremereye cyane, bityo ntikibereye amatara yo kwibira, amashanyarazi meza, gifasha gushonga ubushyuhe icyarimwe, ariko kandi gitera ikoreshwa ry'ahantu hakonje, bigoye gukoresha amatara yo mu mutwe, ibiciro byo gutunganya biri hejuru. Hari ubwoko bwinshi bwa plastiki z'ubuhanga, polycarbonate, ABS/ polyester, polycarbonate ikirahure cy'ikirahure cy'ikirahure, polyimide n'ibindi, imikorere nayo iratandukanye cyane, fata urugero rwa polycarbonate ikirahure cy'ikirahure, imbaraga zayo zirahagije kugira ngo zihangane n'ibidukikije bitandukanye byo hanze, kurwanya ingese, gushyushya, uburemere bworoheje, ni amahitamo meza y'itara ry'ikirahure n'amatara yo kwibira. Ariko pulasitiki isanzwe ya ABS ikoreshwa ku matara ahendutse imara igihe gito cyane kandi ntiramba. Menya neza ko uyitayeho mugihe uyigura. Muri rusange, ishobora gutandukanywa n'uko yumva ikaze cyane.

7. Guhindura

Uburyo itara rishyirwamo ni bwo buryo bworoshye bwo kurikoresha. Ifunguzo rigenda rihindagurika risa n'itoroshi y'icyuma ni ryoroshye kandi ryoroshye, ariko iryavutse ntirishobora kuba ritoroshye na gato, ibyo bikaba bigaragara ko ritakwiriye. Ifunguzo rya kabutura rikoresha amashanyarazi ya magnesium D ryoroshye kuba ritoroshye na gato, ariko biragaragara ko ritakwiriye mu bihe nko kwibira, kandi umuvuduko mwinshi w'amazi ushobora gutuma ifunguzo risohoka. Ifunguzo ryo mu bwoko bwa "tail press" rikunzwe cyane mu matara mato, cyane cyane aryoroshye kurika kandi afite urumuri rurerure, ariko imiterere yaryo igoye kwita ku buryo rifatana n'uburyo rikora ni ikibazo, gukora nabi mu matara amwe azwi cyane yo mu ruganda nabyo birakunze kugaragara. Ifunguzo rizunguruka ry'umupfundikizo w'itara ni ryo ryoroshye kandi ryizewe cyane, ariko rishobora gukora akazi ko guhinduranya rimwe gusa, ntirishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro, biragoye gushushanya imikorere yo kwibandaho, ifunguzo rikoresha amazi ntabwo ari ryiza (ifunguzo rikoresha amazi ryoroshye kuvamo). Ifunguzo ry'amatara ni ryo rikoreshwa cyane mu gukoresha amatara menshi yo kwibira, imiterere yaryo ni yo itoroshye na gato, yoroshye gukoresha, yoroshye guhinduranya, yizewe cyane, ishobora gufungwa, ntishobora gucanwa.

8. Amazi ntazi

Biroroshye cyane kumenya niba itara ritazimira cyangwa ritazimira. Reba witonze niba hari impeta za rubber zoroshye kandi zikora neza muri buri gice cy'itara gishobora gusimburwa (umupfundikizo w'itara, switch, igifuniko cya bateri, nibindi). Impeta nziza za rubber, hamwe n'igishushanyo mbonera cyiza n'ikoranabuhanga ryiza ryo gutunganya, zishobora kwemeza ko ubujyakuzimu budashobora kuzimira burenze metero 1000. Mu gihe cy'imvura nyinshi ntabwo zishobora kwemeza ko nta gusohoka kw'amazi kuzabaho, impamvu ni uko uburebure bwa rubber budahagije kugira ngo habeho neza ko ubuso bubiri buhuye neza. Mu buryo bw'igishushanyo, switch y'itara izunguruka n'imashini yo gukanda ikoresheje utubuto tworoshye cyane, switch y'urufunguzo rwo gukanda n'inyuma biragoye cyane. Uko imiterere ya switch yaba iri kose, ni byiza kudahinduranya kenshi iyo ikoreshejwe munsi y'amazi, inzira yo guhindura niyo yoroshye kwinjira mu mazi, mu kwibira, uburyo bwiza ni ugushyira amavuta make ku mpeta ya rubber, ishobora gufungwa neza, icyarimwe, amavuta nayo afasha mu kubungabunga impeta ya rubber, kwirinda kwangirika vuba guterwa no gusaza, nyuma y'imyaka myinshi ikoreshwa mu itara, impeta ya rubber niyo gice cy'itara kidasaza cyane. Igomba gusimburwa ku gihe kugira ngo ikoreshwe neza cyane mu gukoresha hanze.

9. Inzira yo guhindura voltage

Urugendo rwo guhindura amashanyarazi rugomba kuba uburyo bwiza bwo gukoresha amatara agezweho, gukoresha urugendo rwo guhindura amashanyarazi rufite imirimo ibiri: Umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi wa LED isanzwe ni 3-3.6V, bivuze ko nibura bateri eshatu zisanzwe zigomba guhuzwa mu buryo bukurikiranye kugira ngo zigere ku ngaruka nziza. Nta gushidikanya ko imiterere y'urugendo rw'itara igabanyije cyane. Iya nyuma igaragaza ikoreshwa ry'ingufu z'amashanyarazi rikwiye, ku buryo amashanyarazi atagabanya urumuri iyo bateri igabanyije. Buri gihe komeza urumuri rukwiye, birumvikana ko kandi rworoshya urumuri rwo guhindura ikirere. Ibyiza bifite ingaruka mbi, urugendo rwo guhindura amashanyarazi rukunze gutakaza nibura 30% by'ingufu z'amashanyarazi, bityo, ubusanzwe rukoreshwa mu matara ya LED akoresha ingufu nke. Urugendo rwo guhindura amashanyarazi rukoreshwa na PETZL's MYO 5. Umucyo wa LED uhindurwa mu byiciro bitatu kugira ngo ukomeze urumuri rwiza rwa LED mu masaha 10, amasaha 30 n'amasaha 90.

10. Imikorere

Kugira ngo amatara adatanga urumuri gusa, ahubwo anagire n'imirimo myinshi y'inyongera cyangwa yoroshye kuyakoresha, hagaragaye imiterere itandukanye.

Umukandara mwiza cyane wo mu mutwe, akenshi ushobora gutuma igikoresho gito cy'amashanyarazi gikoreshwa mu ntoki kigira uruhare muitara ry'imbere rishobora kongera gukoreshwa rya LED, amatara menshi yo koga akunze gukoreshwa muri ubu buryo buhamye.

Agapapuro kari kuri ARC AAA gashobora gushyirwa mu mufuka w'ishati nk'ikaramu, nubwo uburyo bwiza ari ukugashyira ku mpande z'ingofero yawe nk'itara ry'imbere.

Igishushanyo mbonera cyaitara rikoresha amashanyarazi rya LEDni nziza cyane. Utuyunguruzo tune turi mu gice cy'inyuma turakwiriye cyane gukoreshwa mu majwi nijoro.

LED ya PETZL DUO ifite itara ryihariye ryubatswemo, nk'uko icyuma cyose cy'itara cyo hanze cyujuje ibisabwa kigomba kubikora.

ARC LSHP ishobora gukoresha byoroshye uburyo butandukanye bw'ingufu bitewe n'ibyo ukeneye. Igice cy'inyuma ni CR123A imwe, CR123A ebyiri na AA ebyiri

Ingufu zo gusimbuza. Iyo ufite itara hafi yawe gusa, guhindura bateri mu ibara ry'umukara akenshi bishobora kwica. Black Diamond Supernova ifite amashanyarazi ya 6V atangwa mu masaha 10urumuri rwo hanze rwa LEDmu gihe cyo guhindura bateri cyangwa iyo bateri irangiye.

Nubwo isuzuma ryanjye bwite riri hasi cyane, ariko rukuruzi ishobora kwinjizwa ku buso bw'icyuma bw'imikorere iracyari kwishimirwa.

Imbunda ya Gannet ya gyro-gun II, yoroshye kuyikoresha nk'itoroshi, itara ry'imbere cyangwa ahantu hatandukanye