Ibiranga inganda z'amatara ya LED n'imiterere ya tekiniki

Kugeza ubu, ibikoresho by'ingenzi by'inganda zikoresha amatara ya LED zirimo:Amatara y'ubutabazi ya LED, Amatara ya LED, Amatara ya LED yo gukambika, amatara n'amatara yo gushakisha, nibindi. Ibicuruzwa by'ingenzi by'inganda zikora amatara ya LED mu rugo birimo: itara rya LED rikoresha ameza, itara ry'amatara, itara rya fluorescent n'itara ryo hasi. Ibikoresho by'amatara ya LED akoresha terefone n'amatara yo mu rugo ni byo bicuruzwa by'ingenzi ku isoko ry'amatara ya LED. Bitewe no kongera ubumenyi ku bidukikije ku baguzi, kwiyongera kw'abakenera ibikorwa byo hanze no gukora nijoro, ndetse no kwiyongera kw'umuvuduko w'imijyi n'ubwiyongere bw'abaturage mu myaka ya vuba aha, isoko ry'amatara ya LED akoresha terefone n'amatara yo mu rugo rizakomeza kwiyongera.

Muri make, inganda z'amatara ya LED ziri mu gihe cy'iterambere ryihuse kandi rihamye ry'isoko rihoraho.

1. Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga mu nganda n'iterambere rusange ry'urwego rw'ikoranabuhanga mu nganda

(1) Ikoreshwa ry'ikoranabuhanga rya Internet of Things

Bitewe n'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga rya "smart home" na "Internet of Things", ndetse no kuvugurura no guhindura ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho, ibikoresho by'amatara ya LED biri kugenda bitera imbere buhoro buhoro bigamije "intelligence", "automation" na "integration", kugira ngo bihuze n'ibyo abaguzi bakeneye mu bijyanye n'ubuhanga mu bikoresho byo mu rugo. Binyuze muri Wi-FiMAC/BB/RF/PA/LNA n'izindi koranabuhanga zitagira insinga, ibikoresho by'amatara ya LED mu rugo n'ibindi bikoresho by'amashanyarazi nka firigo, "air conditioner", televiziyo, nibindi, kugira ngo habeho sisitemu ya "Internet of Things"; "Human light", "control" y'amajwi, "human temperature" n'izindi koranabuhanga zishobora kwihuza n'urwego rwo hejuru rw'ubutabazi hakurikijwe ibidukikije, kugira ngo zihuze n'ibyo abaguzi bashaka mu buryo bworoshye kandi burambye.

(2) Ikoranabuhanga rya batiri

Bitewe n'umwihariko w'ibikoresho by'amatara akoreshwa mu gihe cy'ibura ry'amashanyarazi no mu bidukikije byo hanze, hashyizweho ibisabwa byinshi kugira ngo bateri zikore neza, umutekano, kurengera ibidukikije, kudatezuka no kuzenguruka kw'amabateri. Imikorere myiza, ubukungu n'imikorere, kurengera ibidukikije no kongera gukoresha ibikoresho bizaba icyerekezo cy'iterambere rya bateri zigendanwa mu gihe kizaza.

(3) Ikoranabuhanga ryo kugenzura imodoka

Bitewe n'imiterere y'amatara agendanwa, amatara asabwa koroshya gutwara no gukoresha, imikorere yayo bwite y'amashanyarazi, ashobora gukoreshwa kenshi, amashanyarazi yangiritse n'amajwi n'intabaza y'urumuri, kwimenya amakosa, gutoroka no gufasha mu gihe cy'ibiza n'ibindi bikorwa, gusimbuka k'amashanyarazi, kwiyongera k'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi, urusaku n'ibindi bintu byinshi bidahindagurika bizatuma akazi k'amatara kadahinduka cyangwa kananirwa. Bitewe n'uko amasoko y'urumuri rwa LED akunzwe cyane, urufunguzo rwo kunoza ubwiza bw'amatara ya LED ashobora kongera kongera gukoreshwa ni ugukora uruziga rw'amashanyarazi ruhoraho rufite imiterere yoroshye n'imikorere yizewe, no gukora uruziga rw'amashanyarazi rusanzwe, rusanzwe kandi rugenzurwa mu buryo busanzwe ku miterere y'amatara ya LED ashobora kongera gukoreshwa.

2. Ivugururwa ry'ikoranabuhanga, ubushakashatsi ku bicuruzwa bishya n'iterambere, ubushobozi bw'isoko n'impinduka zigaragara

(1) gahunda yo kuvugurura ikoranabuhanga

Kuri ubu, amasoko y'urumuri rwa LED arenga 45% by'ibicuruzwa by'urumuri. Kubera ko isoko ry'inganda z'urumuri rwa LED ririmo amahirwe menshi, zikurura inganda z'ubwoko bwose kugira ngo zinjire muri urwo rwego. Hamwe n'ikoreshwa ry'ikoranabuhanga rishya muri uru rwego, ibigo bishobora gukomeza urwego rw'ikoranabuhanga ruteye imbere binyuze mu guhanga udushya no gushyiramo ikoranabuhanga rishya, inzira nshya n'ibikoresho bishya mu bikorwa by'ibicuruzwa. Kubera iyo mpamvu, iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga mu nganda riri kwihuta.

(2) Ubushakashatsi ku bicuruzwa bishya n'uruhererekane rw'iterambere

Uburyo bushya bwo guteza imbere ibicuruzwa burimo:

① Icyiciro cy'ubushakashatsi n'ubushakashatsi: Intego yo guteza imbere ibicuruzwa bishya ni uguhura n'ibyo abaguzi bakeneye. Ubusabe bw'abaguzi ni ryo shingiro ry'ingenzi ryo gufata icyemezo cyo guteza imbere ibicuruzwa bishya. Iki cyiciro kigamije ahanini gushyira imbere igitekerezo cy'ibicuruzwa bishya n'ihame, imiterere, imikorere, ibikoresho n'ikoranabuhanga by'ibicuruzwa bishya mu iterambere ry'ibitekerezo na gahunda rusange.

② Icyerekezo n'icyitegererezo cy'iterambere ry'ibicuruzwa bishya: muri iki cyiciro, hakurikijwe icyifuzo cy'isoko gishingiye ku iperereza n'imiterere y'ikigo ubwacyo, gusuzuma neza ibisabwa n'abaguzi n'icyerekezo cy'abanywanyi, no gushyira imbere igitekerezo n'igitekerezo cyo guteza imbere ibicuruzwa bishya.

③ Icyiciro cyo gushushanya ibicuruzwa bishya: Igishushanyo mbonera cy'ibicuruzwa kivuga ku gutegura no gucunga urukurikirane rw'imirimo ya tekiniki kuva ku kugena imiterere y'igicuruzwa kugeza ku kugena imiterere y'igicuruzwa. Ni isano ry'ingenzi mu iterambere ry'ibicuruzwa n'intangiriro y'igikorwa cyo gukora ibicuruzwa. Harimo: icyiciro cy'ibanze cyo gushushanya, icyiciro cyo gushushanya tekiniki, icyiciro cyo gushushanya igishushanyo mbonera cy'akazi.

(4) Icyiciro cyo gukora no gusuzuma umusaruro: Icyiciro cyo gukora ibicuruzwa bishya kigizwe n'icyitegererezo cyo gukora igerageza n'igice cyo gukora igerageza rito. A. Icyiciro cyo gukora igerageza ry'icyitegererezo, intego ni ugusuzuma ubwiza bw'igishushanyo mbonera cy'umusaruro, imiterere y'umusaruro, imikorere n'ingenzi.

Gutunganya, kugenzura no kuvugurura ibishushanyo mbonera by'igishushanyo mbonera, kugira ngo igishushanyo mbonera cy'igicuruzwa gikosoke, ariko kandi no kugenzura ikoranabuhanga ry'imiterere y'igicuruzwa, gusuzuma ibibazo by'ingenzi by'imikorere. B. Icyiciro gito cyo gukora igerageza, intego nyamukuru y'iki cyiciro ni ugutegura inzira, intego nyamukuru ni ukugerageza inzira y'igicuruzwa, kugenzura ko gishobora kwemeza imiterere ya tekiniki ihamye, ireme n'ingaruka nziza mu bukungu mu bihe bisanzwe byo gukora (ni ukuvuga, mu bihe byo gukoreramo).

Icyiciro cyo gutegura ikoranabuhanga mu gukora: muri iki cyiciro, hagomba kuzuza igishushanyo mbonera cy'akazi kose, hakagenwa ibisabwa mu bya tekiniki by'ibice bitandukanye.

⑥ Icyiciro cy’umusaruro n’igurishwa ryemewe.

Bifata umwaka umwe kugira ngo urangize igikorwa cyo gukora ibicuruzwa bishya kuva ku bushakashatsi, gushushanya, gushushanya, gukora igerageza ry’icyitegererezo, gutegura tekiniki kugeza ku gukora ku rwego rwa nyuma.

(3) Ubushobozi bw'isoko n'icyerekezo

Mu gihe kiri imbere, ubushobozi bw'isoko ry'inganda zikoresha amatara ya LED buzakomeza kwaguka bitewe n'ibintu bikurikira:

① Inkunga ya politiki yo gukuraho amatara akoresha incandescent mu gihugu no mu mahanga no kunoza ubukangurambaga bw'abantu ku bidukikije. Mu rwego rwo gusimbuza amatara akoresha incandescent n'ibindi bicuruzwa, ibikoresho by'amatara ya LED byagaragaye ko byiyongera ku isoko mu myaka ya vuba aha. Mu gihe kiri imbere, ibikoresho by'amatara ya LED bizihutisha gusimbuza ibikoresho bisanzwe by'amatara nka incandescent kandi bibe ibikoresho by'ingenzi cyane by'amatara.

(2) Bitewe n'iterambere ryihuse ry'ubukungu bw'Ubushinwa n'ubwiyongere bw'umusaruro rusange w'umuturage, icyerekezo cyo kuvugurura ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho kirimo kugaragara cyane. Kuva gahunda y'imyaka itanu ya 13 yashyirwaho, umuvuduko w'iterambere ry'ubukungu wakomeje kwiyongera cyane, kandi imiterere y'ubwoko butandukanye bw'ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho mu ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho byose yagiye irushaho kuzamuka no kunoza urwego rw'ikoreshwa. Kuvugurura no guhindura imiterere y'ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho biri gutera imbere no guteza imbere inganda z'amatara ya LED.

③ Uko politiki y’igihugu yo gufungura amatara igenda irushaho gukomera, ubufatanye mu bukungu n’ubucuruzi hagati y’Ubushinwa n’ibihugu byo mu karere ka “Belt and Road” bukomeza kwaguka, ibyo bikaba bishyiraho urufatiro rwiza rwo kohereza amatara ya LED mu mahanga kugira ngo arusheho kwinjira ku isoko mpuzamahanga. Mu masoko menshi yo mu karere nka Nijeriya, Pakisitani, Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abarabu n’andi masoko yo mu mahanga.

3. Urwego rwa tekiniki n'imiterere y'inganda

Nyuma y'imyaka myinshi y'iterambere, ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi ry'ibicuruzwa by'amatara ya LED ryibanda ku: guteza imbere no gushushanya ibicuruzwa, gukora amashanyarazi, gushushanya inshinge n'ibindi.

(1) Gutegura no gushushanya ibicuruzwa

Ubushakashatsi n'igenamigambi ry'ibicuruzwa ahanini ni imiterere y'ibicuruzwa, imiterere y'imbere, imiterere y'uruziga n'ibishushanyo mbonera. Ibiranga tekiniki byo guteza imbere no gushushanya ibicuruzwa ni ibi bikurikira: a. Guhuza imiterere y'ishusho n'imiterere y'imbere y'ibicuruzwa (nk'urubaho rw'uruziga, ikibaho cya pulasitiki, nibindi), no gushushanya ibicuruzwa bishya bihuza imikorere y'urumuri rw'ibicuruzwa n'ibindi bisabwa n'abakiriya (nk'igenzura, ubutabazi, nibindi) mu rwego rwo kwemeza ko isoko y'urumuri ihamye kandi ko igihe cyo kugenda gihoraho; b. Gukemura ikibazo cy'ubushyuhe n'ihindagurika ry'amashanyarazi y'urubaho rw'uruziga mu gihe cyo gukoresha ibicuruzwa; c. Kwiga uburyo bwo gutwara ubushyuhe n'amahame y'urubaho, kugabanya igihe cyo gusohora ubushyuhe mu gikorwa cyo gukora urubaho, no kunoza imikorere myiza y'umusaruro.

(2) Gushushanya no gukora amashanyarazi

Ingufu z'amashanyarazi nziza zishobora kunoza ubuzima bw'ibicuruzwa, kandi zigahuza n'ibyo abakiriya bakeneye kugira ngo urumuri rurusheho gukomera, ruhamye kandi rurambe. Ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora amashanyarazi ni iri rikurikira: uruziga runyura mu nzira yo gushyiramo no gushyiramo amashanyarazi, hanyuma gukora amashanyarazi mbere na mbere birangira binyuze mu nzira zo gusukura, gusudira no gusana, hanyuma inzira yose yo kuyakora irangizwa binyuze mu gushakisha kuri interineti, kumenya amakosa no gukosora amakosa. Ibiranga tekiniki bigaragarira mu ikoranabuhanga rya SMT n'iry'ikoranabuhanga, imikorere myiza y'ikoranabuhanga ryo gusudira no gusana, no kumenya ubuziranenge bw'amashanyarazi.

(3) ikoranabuhanga ryo gushushanya inshinge z'ibihumyo

Ikoranabuhanga ryo gushushanya hakoreshejwe inshinge rikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gushonga no gukanda plastiki binyuze mu bikoresho byihariye, kugira ngo hagerwe ku gukwirakwira kw'ibicuruzwa neza hamwe n'ubushyuhe bukwiye, igihe n'umuvuduko, no kugira ngo habeho itandukanyirizo ry'ibicuruzwa n'imikorere yihariye. Urwego rwa tekiniki rugaragarira muri ibi bikurikira: (1) urwego rw'imikorere ya mashini, binyuze mu gutangiza ibikoresho bya mashini, kugabanya inshuro zikoreshwa n'intoki, gushyira mu bikorwa uburyo busanzwe bwo gukora umurongo w'ibikorwa; ② Kunoza neza ubwiza bw'ibicuruzwa n'imikorere myiza, kunoza igipimo cyujuje ibisabwa cy'ibicuruzwa, imikorere myiza, kugabanya ikiguzi cy'ibicuruzwa.