Ihame ryo kubyaza ingufu ingufu z'izuba

Izuba rirasira ku ihuriro rya PN rya semiconductor, rigakora pair nshya ya electron. Mu gihe cy'imikorere y'amashanyarazi y'ihuriro rya PN, umwobo uva mu gace ka P ujya mu gace ka N, naho electron iva mu gace ka N ijya mu gace ka P. Iyo urusobe ruhujwe, umuriro urakorwa. Uko ni ko uturemangingo tw'izuba dukora.

Ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, bumwe ni uburyo bwo guhindura urumuri-ubushyuhe-amashanyarazi, ubundi ni uburyo bwo guhindura urumuri-amashanyarazi butaziguye.

(1) Uburyo bwo guhindura urumuri-ubushyuhe-amashanyarazi bukoresha ingufu z'ubushyuhe zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba kugira ngo bukore amashanyarazi. Muri rusange, ingufu z'ubushyuhe zinjira mu mwuka w'icyuma gikoresha imirasire y'izuba, hanyuma turbine y'umwuka igatwarwa kugira ngo ikore amashanyarazi. Uburyo bwa mbere ni uburyo bwo guhindura urumuri-ubushyuhe; Uburyo bwa nyuma ni uburyo bwo guhindura ubushyuhe-amashanyarazi.

(2) Ingaruka z'amashanyarazi zikoreshwa mu guhindura ingufu z'imirasire y'izuba mu buryo butaziguye mo ingufu z'amashanyarazi. Igikoresho cy'ibanze cyo guhindura ingufu z'amashanyarazi ni selile y'izuba. Selile y'izuba ni igikoresho gihindura ingufu z'urumuri rw'izuba mu buryo butaziguye ingufu z'amashanyarazi bitewe n'ingaruka za volte yo gusohora foto. Ni semiconductor photodiode. Iyo izuba rimurikiye photodiode, photodiode izahindura ingufu z'urumuri rw'izuba mu ngufu z'amashanyarazi kandi igakora umuriro. Iyo selile nyinshi zihujwe mu buryo bukurikiranye cyangwa bungana, hashobora kubaho ubwoko bwa kare bw'iseli z'izuba zifite ingufu nini cyane zisohoka.

Kuri ubu, silikoni ya kristu (harimo na polisilicon na silikoni ya monocrystalline) ni yo bikoresho by'ingenzi cyane bikoresha amashanyarazi ya photovoltaic, isoko ryayo rirenga 90%, kandi mu gihe kizaza mu gihe kirekire bizaba bikiri ibikoresho by'ingenzi bya selile z'izuba.

Hashize igihe kinini, ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora ibikoresho bya polysilicon rigenzurwa n'inganda 10 zigizwe n'ibigo 7 mu bihugu 3, nka Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Ubuyapani n'Ubudage, rishyiraho ikoranabuhanga ribuza ikoranabuhanga no kwiharira isoko.

Ubusabe bwa polysilicon buturuka ahanini ku byuma bikoresha imirasire y'izuba n'uturemangingo tw'izuba. Dukurikije ibisabwa bitandukanye byo gutunganywa, bigabanyijemo urwego rw'amashanyarazi n'urwego rw'izuba. Muri byo, polysilicon yo mu rwego rw'amashanyarazi ingana na 55%, polysilicon yo mu rwego rw'izuba ingana na 45%.

Bitewe n’iterambere ryihuse ry’inganda za PHOTOVOLTAIC, ubwinshi bw’ibikenewe bya polysilicon mu turemangingo tw’izuba buri kwiyongera cyane kurusha iterambere rya polysilicon ya semiconductor, kandi byitezwe ko ubwinshi bw’ibikenewe bya polysilicon y’izuba buzarenga ubwa polysilicon yo mu rwego rwa elegitoroniki mu 2008.

Mu 1994, umusaruro wose w’uturemangingo tw’izuba ku isi wari 69MW gusa, ariko mu 2004 wari hafi 1200MW, ubwiyongere bwikubye inshuro 17 mu myaka 10 gusa. Impuguke zivuga ko inganda zikoresha imirasire y’izuba zizarusha ingufu za kirimbuzi nk’imwe mu masoko y’ingufu z’ibanze zikomeye mu gice cya mbere cy’ikinyejana cya 21.