Izuba rirasira kuri semiconductor PN ihuza, ikora umwobo mushya-electron.Mubikorwa byumuriro wamashanyarazi uhuza PN, umwobo uva mukarere ka P ugana mukarere ka N, na electron itemba kuva mukarere ka N igana mukarere ka P.Iyo umuzenguruko uhujwe, ikigezweho kirakorwa.Nuburyo ifoto yumuriro ingirabuzimafatizo zuba zikora.
Amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba Hariho ubwoko bubiri bw'amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, bumwe ni uburyo bwo guhindura urumuri-ubushyuhe-amashanyarazi, ubundi ni uburyo bwo guhindura amashanyarazi.
(1) Uburyo bwo guhindura urumuri-ubushyuhe-amashanyarazi bukoresha ingufu zumuriro zituruka kumirasire yizuba kugirango zitange amashanyarazi.Mubisanzwe, ingufu zumuriro zinjizwamo zihindurwamo amavuta yumurimo ukoreshwa nuwakusanyije izuba, hanyuma turbine ikagenda ikabyara amashanyarazi.Inzira yambere ninzira yo guhindura ubushyuhe;Inzira yanyuma nubushyuhe - inzira yo guhindura amashanyarazi.
(2) Ingaruka y'amashanyarazi ikoreshwa muguhindura ingufu z'imirasire y'izuba muburyo butaziguye.Igikoresho cyibanze cyo guhindura amashanyarazi ni selile yizuba.Imirasire y'izuba ni igikoresho gihindura ingufu zituruka ku mirasire y'izuba mu mashanyarazi bitewe n'ingaruka za voltogeneration.Ni fotokode ya semiconductor.Iyo izuba rimurika kuri fotodiode, fotodiode izahindura ingufu zumucyo wizuba imbaraga zamashanyarazi kandi zitange amashanyarazi.Iyo selile nyinshi zahujwe murukurikirane cyangwa muburyo bubangikanye, ingano ya kare yingirabuzimafatizo yizuba ifite ingufu nini zisohoka zishobora gushirwaho.
Kugeza ubu, silikoni ya kristaline (harimo na polysilicon na monocrystalline silicon) ni ibikoresho byingenzi bifotora, igice cyayo ku isoko kirenga 90%, kandi mugihe kizaza igihe kirekire kizakomeza kuba ibikoresho nyamukuru byingirabuzimafatizo zuba.
Kuva kera, THE tekinoroji y’umusaruro wibikoresho bya polysilicon yagenzuwe ninganda 10 z’amasosiyete 7 yo mu bihugu 3, nka Amerika, Ubuyapani n’Ubudage, bituma habaho gukumira ikoranabuhanga no kwiharira isoko.
Polysilicon isaba ahanini ituruka kumasoko ya semiconductor hamwe nizuba.Ukurikije ibisabwa bitandukanye byera, bigabanijwe kurwego rwa elegitoronike nizuba.Muri byo, polysilicon yo mu rwego rwa elegitoronike igera kuri 55%, polysilicon yo ku zuba igera kuri 45%.
HAMWE N'ITERAMBERE ryihuse ry’inganda za PHOTOVOLTAIC, icyifuzo cya polysilicon mu mirasire y’izuba kiriyongera cyane kuruta iterambere rya semiconductor polysilicon, kandi biteganijwe ko icyifuzo cya polysilicon izuba kizarenga icy'icyuma cya elegitoroniki cyo mu 2008.
Mu 1994, umusaruro w'ingirabuzimafatizo z'izuba ku isi wari 69MW gusa, ariko mu 2004 wari hafi 1200MW, wiyongereyeho 17 mu myaka 10 gusa.Abahanga bavuga ko inganda zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba zizarenga ingufu za kirimbuzi nk'imwe mu nkomoko y'ingenzi y'ingufu mu gice cya mbere cy'ikinyejana cya 21.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-15-2022